论我国刑法中的入户盗窃

发布时间：2018-09-07 13:36

【摘要】：入户盗窃是一种常见的多发性犯罪行为，由于侵犯了双重法益，并且对人身存在潜在的威胁，因此成为刑法重点规制的对象。为了降低入户盗窃的入罪门槛，保护公民的财产权、住宅安宁权和生命健康权，2011年刑法修正案（八）正式将其规定为一种特殊类型的盗窃，并取消了数额和次数的要求，但立法并没有具体的说明入户盗窃的概念和认定。为了便于司法实践的操作，，2013年4月，最高院最高检颁布了《关于办理盗窃刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》，对入户盗窃的概念进行了简单的说明，明确“非法进入供他人家庭生活，与外界相对隔离的住所盗窃的，应当认定为‘入户盗窃’”。入户盗窃侵害了双重法益，即财产权和公民的住宅安宁权。家居生活性、私密性、稳定性和排他性是“户”的四个特征，其中，家具生活性和私密性居于核心地位。一些特殊的私人住所和公用住所，如居民楼道和院子、商住两用场所、仓库、用于违法目的的房屋、集体宿舍、宾馆等在特殊情况下，如果满足了“户”的四个特征，也能认定为“户”。“入户”是构成盗窃罪的前置行为，入户必须具有非法性。非法入户包括温和的手段也包括破坏性手段，但是合法入户后实施盗窃行为不能成立入户盗窃。因为客观上行为人没有损害住宅安宁权。入户目的不要求具有主观明确性，只要求具有实施一般违法行为的意图。入户盗窃属于盗窃罪的一种特殊类型，仍然具有数额的要求。入户盗窃的对象是刑法上值得保护的有价值的财物，包括主观价值和客观价值。根据日本刑法理论界中可罚的违法性理论，并非所有的入户盗窃行为都能入罪。以可罚的违法性理论为基础，综合考虑《刑法》13条“但书”的规定，入户盗窃具有可罚性需满足两个条件：其一为不法行为需具有法益侵害性，其二为不法行为的法益侵害需达到一定的程度。入户盗窃与非法侵入住宅罪在主客观方面有显著的区别，与入户抢劫之间存在转化关系。入户盗窃的着手不宜以破门为标准，而应以开始物色财物为标准。在准确界定“户”、“入户”的基础上，以可罚的违法性理论为指导，限制入户盗窃的成立范围，对司法实践中认定该罪名具有重要的意义。
[Abstract]:Burglary is a common multiple criminal act, because of the violation of dual legal interests, and there is a potential threat to the person, so it has become the focus of criminal law regulation object. In order to lower the threshold of burglary, to protect citizens' property rights, the right to security of residence and the right to life and health, the 2011 Criminal Law Amendment (VIII) formally stipulated it as a special type of theft and eliminated the requirement of amount and number of times. However, legislation does not specifically explain the concept and identification of burglary. In order to facilitate the operation of judicial practice, in April 2013, the Supreme people's Court of the Supreme Court promulgated the interpretation of certain issues concerning the applicable Law in handling Criminal cases of Theft, which gave a simple explanation of the concept of burglary. It is clear that the theft of a dwelling which is illegally entered for the family life of others and which is relatively isolated from the outside world shall be regarded as' burglary'. Burglary infringes double legal interests, that is, property rights and citizens' right to peaceful residence. Household bioactivity, privacy, stability and exclusiveness are the four characteristics of "household", among which furniture bioactivity and privacy occupy the core position. Some special private and public residences, such as residential roads and yards, commercial and residential areas, warehouses, houses for illegal purposes, dormitories, guesthouses, etc., in special cases, if the four characteristics of "households" are satisfied, Can also be recognized as "households". "entering a house" is a leading act that constitutes the crime of larceny, and it must be illegal. Illegal entry includes mild means as well as destructive means, but theft after lawful entry cannot be established as burglary. Because objectively the perpetrator did not damage the right to peaceful residence. The purpose of entry does not require subjective clarity, but only the intention to commit a general illegal act. Burglary belongs to a special type of larceny and still has the requirement of amount. The object of burglary is valuable property worth protecting in criminal law, including subjective value and objective value. According to the punishable illegality theory in Japanese criminal law theory, not all burglary acts can be criminalized. Based on the theory of punishable illegality and considering the provisions of proviso in 13 articles of Criminal Law, there are two conditions to be satisfied for the penalty of burglary: one is that the illegal act must be infringed by legal interest. The second is that the legal interests of illegal acts need to reach a certain degree. There are significant differences between burglary and trespass in subjective and objective aspects, and there is a transformation relationship between burglary and robbery. The start of burglary should not be based on breaking the door, but on the start of the search for property as the standard. On the basis of accurately defining "households" and "entering households", and guided by the theory of punishable illegality, the scope of establishment of burglary is restricted, which is of great significance to the determination of this crime in judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.35

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