英、美等国刑法中的“马耶夫斯基规则”及其启示——行为人醉酒、吸毒后犯罪的刑事责任新探

发布时间：2018-09-17 17:29

【摘要】："马耶夫斯基规则"是英、美等国处理自愿醉态犯罪的基本规则。其基本内容是把犯罪分为基本故意犯罪与特定故意犯罪。自愿醉态可以成为特定故意犯罪的辩护理由,但不能成为基本故意犯罪的辩护理由。"马耶夫斯基规则"不同于大陆法系国家刑法学中的原因自由行为理论,其关注醉态对犯罪主观要素的影响而不是对行为人刑事责任能力的影响。其既立足于处罚醉态犯罪的政策导向,又寻求处罚醉态犯罪与贯彻罪过责任原则的平衡,通过证据规则实现实体法目标。"马耶夫斯基规则"对我国刑法的启示表现在应采取总则与分则相结合的立法模式来处罚醉酒、吸毒后的犯罪,根据精神障碍对罪过要素的影响来确定醉酒、吸毒者的刑事责任,允许醉酒、吸毒造成的精神障碍在一定的条件下或在一定的范围内成为减免行为人刑事责任的根据。
[Abstract]:The Mayewski rules are the basic rules for countries such as Britain and the United States to deal with the crime of voluntary intoxication. Its basic content is to divide the crime into basic intentional crime and specific intentional crime. Voluntary drunkenness may be a defence for a specific intentional crime, but not a basic one. " The Mayewski rule is different from the theory of cause-free behavior in civil law countries. It focuses on the influence of intoxication on the subjective elements of crime rather than on the criminal responsibility ability of the perpetrator. It not only bases on the policy guidance of punishing drunken crime, but also seeks the balance between punishing drunken crime and carrying out the principle of criminal responsibility, and realizes the objective of substantive law through the rules of evidence. " The revelation of the Mayewski rules to the criminal law of our country is that we should adopt the legislative model of combining general principles with special provisions to punish drunkenness, crime after drug use, and determine the criminal liability of drunken and drug addicts according to the influence of mental disorders on the elements of crime. The mental disorder caused by drunkenness and drug use is allowed to be the basis for the remission of criminal responsibility under certain conditions or within a certain range.
【作者单位】：南开大学法学院;
【分类号】：D914

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