我国刑法中属人管辖权的现实、矛盾与构想

发布时间：2018-10-13 13:34

【摘要】：我国刑法中的属人管辖权，是指我国基于国籍对我国领域外所实施的犯罪，依法适用我国刑法追究该公民刑事责任的权力。我国现行刑法对于属人管辖权的规定采用无限制的属人管辖权，删除79年刑法中关于属人管辖权的犯罪种类、“双重犯罪原则”等限制，使得我国刑法属人管辖权的范围极大的扩大。随着国际交流的日益频繁，我国公民出国的机会和数量急剧增加，在国外犯罪的数量也大幅度增加。出于各种原因，犯罪行为在犯罪地国总是得不到及时的责任追究，因此，扩大属人管辖权适用范围一定程度上有利更好的惩罚犯罪。但是，属人管辖权行使的不断频繁，这势必会引起犯罪人所属国的属人管辖权与犯罪地国的属地管辖权的冲突。因此，如何在保证我国刑事管辖权的基础上，有效协调因属人管辖权范围扩大而带来的问题与冲突便成为了刑法理论与司法实务必须要面对的难题。本文主要通过揭示我国现行刑法属人管辖权规定中反映的问题，并从定罪冲突、量刑差异、刑法重复评价等三个角度对我国属人管辖权进行分析，提出“一个根本，三个具体”的对应协调建议。其中，“一个根本”指合理缩小属人管辖权的适用范围，“三个具体”分别是指增加“双重犯罪原则”的适用，，重视对外国刑法规定的参考，扩大域外判决的承认范围。本文除了导言和结语之外，正文共分为三章：第一章主要是属人管辖权概述。具体包括三部分，第一部分为属人管辖权的基础界定，从属人管辖权的历史渊源与发展历程、理论依据、范围界定等三方面加以展开；第二部分介绍各国刑法中的属人管辖权规定，分为无限制的属人管辖权和有限制的属人管辖权，并且总结世界刑法在属人管辖权方面的发展趋势；第三部分主要介绍我国刑法属人管辖权的规定，并重点揭示规定中反映的问题，从而为下文的分析与阐述归纳中心问题。第二章主要是对我国刑法属人管辖权存在的现实矛盾的分析与思考。具体对现行属人管辖权制度下存在的定罪冲突愈发明显、量刑差异愈发扩大、刑法重复评价现象愈发突出等三个问题进行剖析，分别从上述问题的现实表现、原因、负面影响等角度出发思考我国现行属人管辖权制度的不妥之处。第三章主要是在第二章的分析与思考之上，提出相应的协调建议。其中针对定罪冲突愈发明显的问题，可以通过合理增加“双重犯罪原则”的适用加以缓和；针对量刑差异愈发扩大的问题，可以通过重视对外国刑法规定的参考的途径加以协调；针对刑法重复评价现象愈发突出的问题，则可以通过科学的扩大域外判决的承认范围加以解决。最后，笔者还就我国属人管辖权存在系列问题的根本原因——采用无限制的属人管辖权进行阐述，提出要从根本上缓和属人管辖权的矛盾，应适当采用有限制的属人管辖权，缩小我国刑法属人管辖权的范围。
[Abstract]:The jurisdiction of people in our country's criminal law refers to the power that our country applies to the criminal responsibility of the citizen according to law based on the crime committed outside the territory of our country based on the nationality. The current criminal law of our country adopts unlimited jurisdiction over the provisions of the jurisdiction of persons, and deletes the categories of crimes in the criminal law of 79 years concerning the jurisdiction of persons. "Dual criminality principle" On the other hand, the scope of the jurisdiction of the criminal law of our country is greatly enlarged. With the increasing international exchange, the number of opportunities and the number of citizens abroad has increased sharply, and the number of crimes committed abroad is also greatly increased For various reasons, crimes committed in the country of the crime are always not held accountable in a timely manner, and therefore, the extension of the scope of application of the human jurisdiction is somewhat advantageous and better A crime. However, the jurisdiction of a person is exercised frequently, which causes the jurisdiction of the person to which the offender belongs and the territorial jurisdiction of the State of the crime. Therefore, on the basis of ensuring the criminal jurisdiction of our country, how to effectively coordinate the problems and conflicts arising from the enlargement of the jurisdiction of the people has become the theoretical and judicial practice of criminal law This article mainly discusses the problems reflected in the jurisdiction of the current criminal law of our country, and analyzes the jurisdiction of China from the three angles of conviction conflict, sentencing difference and repeated evaluation of criminal law. and put forward "a fundamental, three, Corresponding coordination of" specific "Recommendation. wherein" one "" Basic "means the application of reasonable reduction to the jurisdiction of a person Range," Three in particular, refers to the increase of "dual criminality" The application of the principle "attaches importance to the reference to the provisions of foreign criminal law and expands the recognition of extraterritorial judgement." Scope. In addition to the introduction and epilogue, the text It is divided into three chapters: Chapter 1 mainly It is an overview of human jurisdiction. It includes three parts. The first part is divided into three aspects: the basic definition of human jurisdiction, the history of the jurisdiction of the subordinate people, the development course, the theoretical basis, the scope definition, etc. The second part introduces the national criminal law. The third part mainly introduces the provisions of the jurisdiction of the people's jurisdiction of our country, and points out that the criminal law of the world belongs to the jurisdiction of the people. The issues reflected in the provisions, thus providing for the following analysis and The second chapter mainly deals with the existence of the jurisdiction of the criminal law of our country. The analysis and reflection of the realistic contradiction in the existing system of human jurisdiction are more obvious, the difference of sentencing becomes more and more, the repeated evaluation of criminal law is more prominent and so on. On the realistic performance, cause and negative influence of the problem, we think about the present genus in China The wrong place of the system of human's jurisdiction. The third chapter is the analysis of the second chapter. Put forward corresponding coordination suggestions on the basis of thinking. Among them, the recovery of the conviction conflicts there is a clear problem that it may In order to ease the application of the principle of "double criminality" through reasonable increase, the problem of the widening of sentencing differences can be coordinated through the emphasis on the ways of reference in the foreign criminal law, and the problem of repeated evaluation of the criminal law can be expanded through scientific expansion. In the end, the author states that there exist a series of problems in the jurisdiction of the people in China.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1

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