恐怖活动犯罪严刑化研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 19:44

【摘要】：恐怖活动犯罪愈演愈烈,形势严峻,不断挑战道德和法律的底线,严重影响着世界各国的和平、发展以及人民生活的安定、幸福。对此,各国均予以严厉打击,立法上“打小、打早、从严、从重”,刑事处罚体现出严厉化、早期化的特征。我国《刑法修正案(九)》和《反恐怖主义法》顺应国际潮流,增加了恐怖活动犯罪的相关罪名、调整了相应的法定刑,体现出恐怖活动犯罪立法严刑化的趋势。本文中的“严刑化”指的并不是重刑化,而是出于保护法益、维护社会稳定和国家安全的目的,在立法上严厉规制,打早、打小、从严、从重,以达到遏制恐怖活动犯罪的目的。《刑法修正案(九)》将我国的反恐立法推上前所未有的高度,主要表现在对恐怖活动犯罪的预备行为实行化、帮助行为正犯化、法定刑的提高等方面。对此,学界的讨论也越来越多,在众多支持声音的同时也存在一些质疑,主要包括过度重刑化、与共同犯罪理论矛盾、造成刑法总则与分则冲突三个方面。笔者认为,恐怖活动犯罪严刑化是在世界恐怖活动犯罪日益猖獗,国内东突、邪教组织等活跃,严重威胁我国的社会稳定、国家安全的形势下的必然选择。同时,随着地球村的建立,我们势必要与其他国家联合起来共同反恐。在各国立法严厉化的同时我们也需要做一些调整,保证我国刑法与国际接轨。此外,英美刑法关于处罚共谋罪的规定,为研究恐怖活动犯罪严刑化提供了方法论的支撑,法律拟制、抽象危险犯为恐怖活动犯罪严刑化提供了合理依据。因此,学界的上述担忧是没有必要的,但是严刑化立法也需要控制在一定的限度之内,一旦过度将会侵犯公民的自由,带来犯罪圈的过度夸大、重刑化等弊端,严重影响社会的和谐发展和人民的稳定生活。因此,我们在追求恐怖活动犯罪严刑化立法,促进法益保护最大化的同时也要保障立法严刑化的适度,充分衡量安全与自由的价值,使二者得以平衡,促进刑法与其他社会治理手段的优化组合,使得立法科学合理。并且,在司法上把握好“预备的预备”、“预备的帮助”“帮助的预备”“帮助的帮助”的判断和处罚标准。只有这样,才能不断完善立法体系,促进司法实践的发展,为反恐提供基础和保障,为人类发展提供一个和平、安定、幸福的环境。
[Abstract]:The crime of terrorist activities is becoming more and more serious and the situation is severe. It constantly challenges the bottom line of morality and law and seriously affects the peace and development of the world and the stability and happiness of the people's life. In the legislation, "small, early, strict and heavy", criminal punishment reflects the characteristics of severe and early punishment. The Criminal Law Amendment (9) and the Anti-Terrorism Law conform to the international trend, increase the related crimes of terrorist activities, adjust the corresponding legal penalties, and reflect the trend of severe punishment in the legislation of terrorist crimes. The term "severe punishment" in this article refers not to severe punishment, but to the purpose of protecting the interests of the law and maintaining social stability and national security. In order to achieve the purpose of curbing the crime of terrorist activities. The Criminal Law Amendment (9) pushed the anti-terrorism legislation of our country to an unprecedented height, mainly manifested in the implementation of the preparatory acts for the crimes of terrorist activities and in helping them commit the principal crimes. The improvement of statutory punishment and so on. In this regard, there are more and more discussions in academic circles, and there are also some doubts in many supporting voices, mainly including excessive severe punishment, contradiction with the theory of joint crime, resulting in three aspects of conflict between the general principles of criminal law and special provisions. The author believes that the severe punishment of terrorist activities is the inevitable choice under the situation that the crimes of terrorist activities are increasingly rampant in the world, the domestic East Turkistan and cult organizations are active, which seriously threaten the social stability and national security of our country. At the same time, with the establishment of the global village, we must join forces with other countries to fight terrorism. At the same time, we also need to make some adjustments to ensure that our criminal law is in line with international standards. In addition, the provisions of Anglo-American criminal law on punishing the crime of complicity provide a methodological support for the study of the severe punishment of the crime of terrorist activity. The legal fiction and abstract dangerous crime provide a reasonable basis for the severe punishment of the crime of terrorist activity. Therefore, the above concerns of academic circles are unnecessary, but severe punishment legislation also needs to be controlled within a certain limit. Once excessive, it will infringe upon citizens' freedom, lead to excessive exaggeration of the criminal circle, heavy punishment, and so on. Seriously affect the harmonious development of society and people's stable life. Therefore, we should pursue the legislation of severe punishment of terrorist activities crime, promote the maximization of legal interests protection, at the same time, we should also ensure the moderation of the severe punishment of legislation, and fully measure the value of security and freedom, so that the two can be balanced. To promote the optimized combination of criminal law and other social governance means, make the legislation scientific and reasonable. Moreover, the judgment and punishment standard of "preparatory preparation", "preparatory help", "help preparation" and "help" should be grasped judicially. Only in this way can we continuously perfect the legislative system, promote the development of judicial practice, provide the basis and guarantee for counterterrorism, and provide a peaceful, stable and happy environment for human development.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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