恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-30 18:30

【摘要】：我国刑法针对人身危险性大、主观恶性深的再犯人,建立了严格的刑罚惩罚体制,特别累犯便是其中之一。现行《刑法》对特别累犯的规定,在原有的危害国家安全罪的基础上,增加了恐怖活动犯罪和黑社会性质的组织犯罪。这一制度的修正不仅在立法上回应了我国当前的犯罪形势变化,而且充分地体现了特别累犯制度保护特定法益的设立意义。然而,就现有的立法体系来说,我国的刑法修正案和司法解释,都没有对恐怖活动犯罪的概念予以明确的界定,也没有详细地罗列出该类犯罪包括的具体罪名。这一立法上的漏洞使恐怖活动犯罪在我国的刑事立法中仅仅是一个比较模糊的类罪,造成了理论界对认定恐怖活动犯罪的不同看法,同时也给司法实践中适用恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯制度带来了极大的困难。本文结合国内外学界众学者对恐怖活动犯罪定义、特征的研究,力求明确刑法中恐怖活动犯罪的概念；并立足于特别累犯的成立条件、适用环境及恐怖活动犯罪的种类,针对《刑法修正案(八)》新增的恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯在司法实践中的适用问题展开深入讨论。文章总共包括三个部分：第一部分是对恐怖活动犯罪概念的研究。笔者拟从现有的国内外学者对恐怖活动犯罪下的定义入手,着重分析恐怖活动犯罪主体、主观、对象、行为四方面的特征,指出恐怖活动犯罪应当是个人或组织实施的,在主观上具有特定目的的,针对不特定对象的暴力或非暴力犯罪行为。第二部分是对恐怖活动犯罪和特别累犯的关系的研究,包括恐怖活动犯罪被纳入特别累犯制度适用范围的原因,特别累犯的成立条件以及特别累犯制度中恐怖活动犯罪的范围等问题。对于这些问题,笔者主张,恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯的成立,应当具备《刑法》第六十六条涵盖的罪质、刑度、时间三个方面的条件,且对特别累犯中的恐怖活动犯罪应作狭义的理解,即只有组织、领导、参加恐怖组织罪和资助恐怖活动罪。第三部分是针对恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯在司法实践中存在的三大问题的研究,包括成立恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯是否要求前后罪罪质一致,未成年人是否可以成立恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯以及在不同法域间的犯罪是否可以成立恐怖活动犯罪特别累犯三个方面。
[Abstract]:The criminal law of our country has set up a strict punishment system for reprisoners with high personal danger and deep subjective malignancy, especially recidivist is one of them. On the basis of the original crime of endangering national security, the provisions of the present Criminal Law on special recidivism increase the crime of terrorist activities and the organized crime of underworld character. The amendment of this system not only responds to the change of crime situation in our country in legislation, but also fully reflects the significance of establishing special recidivism system to protect specific legal interests. However, as far as the existing legislative system is concerned, neither the criminal law amendment nor the judicial interpretation of our country has clearly defined the concept of the crime of terrorist activity, nor has it listed in detail the specific offences included in this kind of crime. This loophole in the legislation makes the crime of terrorist activities only a relatively vague type of crime in our criminal legislation, resulting in different views of the theorists on the determination of crimes of terrorist activities. At the same time, it also brings great difficulties to the application of the special recidivism system in the judicial practice. Based on the study of the definition and characteristics of the crime of terrorist activity, this paper tries to clarify the concept of the crime of terrorist activity in the criminal law. Based on the establishment conditions of special recidivism, the applicable environment and the types of terrorist crimes, the application of special recidivism in the judicial practice is discussed in depth in view of the new Criminal Law Amendment (8). The article consists of three parts: the first part is the study of the concept of terrorist crime. The author intends to start with the existing definition of terrorist crime made by domestic and foreign scholars, focusing on the characteristics of criminal subject, object and behavior of terrorist activity, and pointing out that the crime of terrorist activity should be committed by individuals or organizations. A violent or non-violent criminal act that subjectively has a specific purpose and is directed against a non-specific object. The second part is a study of the relationship between terrorist crimes and special recidivism, including the reasons for the inclusion of terrorist crimes in the scope of application of the special recidivism system. The establishment conditions of special recidivism and the scope of terrorist crime in special recidivism system. As for these problems, the author maintains that the establishment of special recidivism of terrorist activities should have three aspects: the quality of the crime, the degree of punishment, and the time covered by Article 66 of the Criminal Law. And the crime of terrorist activities in special recidivism should be understood in a narrow sense, that is, only organizing, leading, participating in the crime of terrorist organization and financing of terrorist activities. The third part is the research on three major problems in judicial practice of special recidivism of terrorist activities, including whether the establishment of special recidivism of terrorist crimes requires the same quality of crimes before and after. Whether minors can establish special recidivism of terrorist crimes and whether crimes between different jurisdictions can constitute special recidivism of terrorist activities.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924

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