权利外观责任与诈骗犯罪——对二维码案、租车骗保案、冒领存款案的刑民解读

发布时间：2018-11-14 19:19

【摘要】：权利外观是指与真实权利不符的虚假权利表征,涉嫌民事欺诈或诈骗犯罪。民法对权利外观"姑以真论"并使善意第三人"得其所欲",从而将不利后果转由真实权利人承担。当前刑法学界对二维码案、租车骗保案、冒领存款案的教义学的解读都难以合理认定权利外观案件的被害人并确定行为人的罪责。而换个视角,情况则大不同:将权利外观理论引入诈骗犯罪的研究,可以清晰地发现权利外观责任阻却了行为人对善意第三人的诈骗犯罪,处罚漏洞的填补应转向考察行为人对真实权利人的财产犯罪。在实益上,这种思路既符合诈骗犯罪"整体财产说"的理论与实践,也符合现代交易制度和财产权的发展趋势,应引起刑法学界的重视。
[Abstract]:The appearance of rights refers to the false representation of rights which is inconsistent with real rights and is suspected of civil fraud or fraud. In civil law, the appearance of right is "true" and the third person in good faith "gets what he wants", so that the adverse consequences are transferred to the real right holder. At present, in the criminal law circle, it is difficult to reasonably identify the victims of the cases of rights and appearance and determine the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators in the case of QR code, the case of car rental fraud and the case of taking out deposits. From another angle of view, the situation is quite different: introducing the theory of appearance of rights into the study of fraud crime, it can be clearly found that the appearance of rights and responsibilities prevent the perpetrator from committing fraud against a bona fide third party. The filling of penalty loophole should turn to investigating the crime of property of the perpetrator against the real right holder. On the beneficial side, this kind of thinking not only accords with the theory and practice of "whole property theory" of fraud crime, but also accords with the development trend of modern transaction system and property right, which should be paid more attention to by the criminal law circle.
【作者单位】：东南大学反腐败法治研究中心;东南大学法学院;
【基金】：江苏高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地“反腐败法治研究中心”资助成果 2016年江苏省法学会课题《企业刑事法律风险防范的公私法合作机制研究》(SFH2016B12)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D924.3

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