犯罪概念实质化的弊端

发布时间：2018-11-16 17:10

【摘要】：我国刑法理论从形式与实质两个方面对犯罪的概念进行分类。犯罪的形式概念是仅从形式上对犯罪进行描述,一般是指由刑法规定的违法行为,也就是具有刑事违法性的行为,是犯罪的实然状态。犯罪的实质概念力图揭示犯罪的本质特征,探求立法者何以将此类行为规定为犯罪,是犯罪的应然状态。犯罪的混合概念则是上述二者结合在一起。犯罪的实质概念以社会危害性为中心,但社会危害性的标准过于模糊抽象,是立法者在立法时考量的因素,在司法实务中却容易沦为入罪的工具。即使是犯罪的混合概念,由于刑事违法性理论过于薄弱,无法成为制约社会危害性的理论工具。在司法实务中应当以刑事违法性作为入罪的根据和理由。所以,不同的犯罪概念分别有自己独特的作用和机能,只有准确厘清不同含义的犯罪概念,才更有利于保护国民的自由与权益,实现法治国家的构建。
[Abstract]:The theory of criminal law classifies the concept of crime from two aspects: form and substance. The formal concept of crime is to describe the crime only in form. Generally, it refers to the illegal act stipulated by the criminal law, that is, the criminal illegal act, which is the actual state of the crime. The essential concept of crime tries to reveal the essential characteristics of crime and to find out why the legislator should define this kind of behavior as a crime. The mixed concept of crime is a combination of the two. The essential concept of crime is centered on social harmfulness, but the criterion of social harmfulness is too vague and abstract, which is the factor that legislators consider in legislation, but it is easy to be reduced to the tool of incrimination in judicial practice. Even the mixed concept of crime cannot be used as a theoretical tool to restrict social harmfulness because the theory of criminal illegality is too weak. Criminal illegality should be taken as the basis and reason for the incrimination in judicial practice. Therefore, different concepts of crime have their own unique role and function. Only by accurately clarifying the concept of crime with different meanings, can it be more helpful to protect the freedom and rights of the people and to realize the construction of a country ruled by law.
【作者单位】：黑龙江大学法学院;
【分类号】：D924.11

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