公民隐私权保护的刑法完善

发布时间：2018-11-22 16:21

【摘要】：随着技术的发展社会的进步，以及信息化时代的来临，个人的隐私权利越来越被重视，然而实践中隐私权侵权事件却呈现范围扩大化、手段多样化和影响严重化的特点。如何对日益频繁的侵犯隐私权行为进行有效的规制成为急需解决的问题。隐私权本应是属于民法所应详细规定和保护的一种人格权，我国侵权责任法也首次将隐私权作为一种具体的权利予以规定，而为了从法律的整体性上给予隐私权全面的保护，将严重侵犯隐私权的行为纳入刑法的规制范围也实属必要。以此为出发点，，本文首先对隐私权保护的基本问题做了一定的分析，阐述了隐私权刑法保护的必要性。然后逐一分析了刑法中隐私权保护的现状、特点，并在范围上做一个刑法上的厘清。最后通过结合域外的相关立法，对我国当前刑法中涉及隐私权保护的条款提出了一定的完善建议。第一部分是公民隐私权保护的基本问题。包括隐私及隐私权的发展，隐私权的性质与特征。以及我国法律体系中除刑法外对隐私权保护的相关规定，包括宪法、民法以及诉讼法等。同时本部分着重论述了将隐私权保护纳入刑法范围的必要性，从符合当前隐私权保护的现实需要、完善对基本人权的保障以及适应国际化隐私权保护趋势方面做了分析。第二部分是公民隐私权的刑法保护问题。首先对将隐私权保护纳入刑法中可能会存在的问题和冲突进行了探讨，包括隐私权本身范围的不确定性，同刑法的谦抑性冲突。以及与隐私权保护相关的问题如隐私权保护与公民个人信息保护、名誉权保护等，认为隐私权保护并不等同于后两者，应当在一定程度上分别做相应的规定。最后分析了我国刑法中涉及隐私权保护的相关条文以及所呈现出来的特点与不足。第三部分是对刑法中公民隐私权保护的完善。在分析了域外各国关于隐私权保护的相关条文规定，并总结了包含保护的方式、应对新型侵害隐私权行为的做法、相关保护条款的个性化等特点的基础上，对我国隐私权保护提出了两个方面的建议。在保持刑法体系的完整性的基础上，一是完善现有涉及隐私权保护的条文，以使其适应时代发展需要、补足不足之处；二是建议新增侵犯隐私权罪，以弥补现有条款对隐私权保护可能存在的空缺。
[Abstract]:With the development of technology and the advent of the information age, the privacy rights of individuals have been paid more and more attention. However, in practice, the privacy infringement has the characteristics of expanding the scope, diversification of means and serious influence. How to regulate the increasingly frequent violations of privacy has become an urgent problem. The right to privacy is supposed to be a kind of personality right which should be stipulated and protected in detail in the civil law. The tort liability law of our country also regards the right of privacy as a kind of specific right for the first time, and in order to give the comprehensive protection of the right of privacy from the whole of the law. It is also necessary to bring the serious violation of privacy into the scope of criminal law. As a starting point, this paper firstly analyzes the basic problems of privacy protection and expounds the necessity of criminal protection of privacy. Then it analyzes the status quo and characteristics of privacy protection in criminal law one by one, and clarifies the scope of criminal law. Finally, by combining the relevant legislation, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the protection of the right of privacy in the current criminal law of our country. The first part is the basic problem of the protection of citizen's right to privacy. Including privacy and the development of privacy, the nature and characteristics of privacy. In addition to criminal law, the relevant provisions of privacy protection in our legal system include constitution, civil law and procedural law. At the same time, this part focuses on the necessity of bringing the protection of privacy into the scope of criminal law, and analyzes the need to perfect the protection of basic human rights and to adapt to the trend of internationalized protection of privacy. The second part is the criminal law protection of citizens' right to privacy. First of all, this paper discusses the possible problems and conflicts of bringing privacy protection into criminal law, including the uncertainty of the scope of privacy and the modest conflict between privacy and criminal law. And related to the protection of privacy issues such as the protection of privacy and personal information protection, reputation protection and so on, the protection of privacy is not equal to the latter two, we should make corresponding provisions to a certain extent. Finally, the article analyzes the relevant provisions of the criminal law concerning the protection of privacy, as well as the characteristics and shortcomings. The third part is the perfection of civil privacy protection in criminal law. On the basis of analyzing the relevant provisions of overseas countries on the protection of privacy, and summarizing the ways of including protection, the ways to deal with new violations of the right to privacy, the individuation of relevant protection provisions, and so on, This paper puts forward two suggestions on the protection of the right to privacy in China. On the basis of maintaining the integrity of the criminal law system, the first is to perfect the existing provisions concerning the protection of privacy in order to adapt it to the needs of the development of the times and make up for the deficiencies; The second is to add the crime of infringing the right of privacy to make up for the possible vacancy of the protection of privacy in the existing articles.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.3

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