帮助行为因果关系研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 19:59

【摘要】：关于帮助犯,我国刑法中并没有明确规定,相比德日刑法的规定,我国刑法关于帮助犯的规定显然存在空缺。这也导致了我国刑法学界关于帮助犯的讨论为时不长,而有关帮助行为因果关系的讨论就更为鲜有。与之相矛盾的是司法实践中亟需对于其进行界定,因此立法规定上的缺失并不能阻止刑法学界关于帮助行为因果关系的继续探究。帮助行为因果关系具有不同于单独实行行为因果关系的特殊性,因此单独犯罪中的因果关系不能完全适用于帮助行为的因果关系判断中。通过概括帮助行为因果关系的特殊性,确定帮助行为的因果关系具有其自身的特点,包括因果关系进程的间接性、构成上的复杂性、相对的独立性、作用上的限定性。这些特殊性的存在导致了对于帮助行为因果关系的研究不同于其它刑法中的因果关系。而学界关于帮助犯因果关系的学说种类繁多。对比因果关系必要性诸说、不必要性说以及部分因果关系肯定说,对帮助行为因果关系存在是否必要问题进行深入探讨,认定帮助犯的成立无论是在物理的因果关系上或是心理的因果关系上均应属必要,而且评析学界诸说得出应该以促进因果关系说为原则来判断帮助行为因果关系。对促进的因果关系说存在争论的是有关“促进”的理解,除了需给予促进相应定义,还应在其成立条件和范围上对其进行必要的解释。同时,在肯定促进的因果关系说立场上具体对物理上因果关系及心理上因果关系分别予以判断。此外,在判断心理上因果关系时还应该注意物理帮助行为对其判断的影响。同时为适应实践需求,必须在所确定的判断原则上对一些典型的帮助行为如望风、默示以及中立帮助行为的因果关系进行具体的分析判断。
[Abstract]:There is no clear stipulation in the criminal law of our country about aiding crime. Compared with the stipulation of Germany and Japan criminal law, there is obviously a vacancy in our criminal law about aiding crime. As a result, the discussion on aiding crime is not long, and the causality of aiding behavior is even less. Paradoxically, it is urgent to define it in judicial practice, so the lack of legislation and regulations can not prevent the continuing exploration of causality of helping behavior in criminal law circles. The causality of helping behavior is different from the causality of individual behavior, so the causality in individual crime can not be fully applied to the judgment of causality in helping behavior. By summarizing the particularity of causality of helping behavior, it is determined that the causality of helping behavior has its own characteristics, including the indirectness of causality process, the complexity of constitution, the relative independence and the limitation of action. The existence of these particularities leads to the difference between causality and causality in other criminal law. However, there are many kinds of theories about the causality of aiding crime in academic circles. Comparing the theories of causality necessity, non-necessity theory and partial causality affirmation theory, this paper makes a deep discussion on the necessity of causation in helping behavior. It is necessary to determine the establishment of aiding offense whether in physical causality or psychological causality, and the academic circles have said that the causality of helping behavior should be judged on the principle of promoting causality. What is controversial about the theory of causality of promotion is the understanding of "promotion". Besides giving the corresponding definition of promotion, it should be explained in terms of the conditions and scope of its establishment. At the same time, in the affirmative promotion of causality standpoint, the physical causality and psychological causality are respectively judged. In addition, we should pay attention to the influence of physical help behavior on the judgment of psychological causality. At the same time, in order to meet the needs of practice, it is necessary to analyze and judge the causality of some typical helpful behaviors, such as lookout, implied and neutral, in principle.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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