刑法中有瑕疵的同意之效力认定——以“法益关系错误说”的批判性考察为中心

发布时间：2018-12-11 13:56

【摘要】：刑法上的被害人同意是被害人基于真实、自愿的意志处分其个人法益的行为,而不仅仅是存在于被害人内心的一种心理状态。这样的话,在被害人同意之有效性的认定上,就不能仅仅从事后判断被害人是否认识到了其个人法益的存在状况,同时还必须事前判断被害人的同意行为是否违背了刑法上的容许规范。支撑法益关系错误说的违法论立场是结果无价值论,从这一立场出发,被害人同意被视为纯粹的主观心理状态,当且仅当被害人无法正确认识被放弃的法益时,同意归于无效。从兼顾结果无价值与行为无价值内容的违法二元论出发,应当将被害人同意理解为被害人的"行为",参照违法二元论的犯罪论体系,被害人最终是否对于自己做出的同意行为及其所导致的结果自我答责,应当对同意行为进行行为归属、结果归属以及责任归属。因此,当被害人发生法益关系错误时,只是作为对于同意行为进行客观归属时所考虑的其中一个因素。可以将被害人同意视为在从行为人的行为导向结果这一过程中的介入因素,当无法对被害人的同意行为进行主观归属时,可以将背后的行为人视为间接正犯,从而将责任归属于行为人。
[Abstract]:The victim's consent in criminal law is the victim's behavior based on the real and voluntary will to punish his personal legal interests, not just a psychological state existing in the victim's heart. In this way, in the determination of the validity of the victim's consent, it is impossible to judge whether or not the victim has realized the existence of his personal legal interests after the event. At the same time, it is necessary to judge whether the victim's consent is in violation of the permissible norms in criminal law. The stand of illegality that supports the wrong theory of legal interests is the result without value. From this standpoint, the victim's consent is regarded as a pure subjective state of mind, if and only if the victim can not correctly understand the abandoned legal interest, the consent will be null and void. Starting from the dualism of illegal dualism, which takes into account the value of the result and the content of the behavior, the victim's consent should be understood as the victim's "behavior", and the criminal theory system of the illegal dualism should be consulted. Whether the victim is responsible for the consent behavior and the result, the victim should attribute the consent behavior, the result attribution and the responsibility attribution. Therefore, when the victim makes a mistake in the relationship of legal interests, it is only one of the factors considered in the objective attribution of the consent act. The consent of the victim may be regarded as an intervention factor in the process of directing the result from the conduct of the actor. When the consent of the victim cannot be subjectively assigned, the actor behind the victim may be regarded as an indirect principal offender. Thus, the responsibility is assigned to the actor.
【作者单位】：浙江大学光华法学院;
【基金】：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金
【分类号】：D924.3

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