论我国食品安全犯罪刑法规制的不足与完善

发布时间：2018-12-21 14:13

【摘要】：近几年来,中国各个地区不断爆发的食品安全犯罪事件,涉及到食品领域的制假、贩假、非法添加非食用物质、滥用食品添加剂等大案、要案频发。食品安全关系到民众的生命健康安全,“地沟油”、“问题奶粉”、“皮革奶”等事件造成了恶劣的社会影响。当前的食品安全犯罪日益猖獗,一方面是由于犯罪人受到利益的驱动,另一方面是由于我国刑法对相关行为的规制定位不准确、没有形成严密的法网、没有与食品安全法有效衔接、规制范围较窄、罚金刑设置不合理等固有缺陷纵容了食品安全犯罪。本文就刑法规制食品安全犯罪时所存在的缺陷进行阐述,并且有针对性提出自己的完善建议,希望可以更好的解决当今的食品安全问题。文章包括引言、正文和结语三个部分,正文主要分为三部分:第一部分主要阐述当前我国食品安全犯罪的现状。厘清了食品、食品安全和食品安全犯罪的定义,总结出我国近年来发生的重大食品安全犯罪案例,所集中出现的三个领域:集中在养殖种植这样的源头性环节,隐蔽性强、危害大;集中在加工、运输领域,滥用食品添加剂或者使用伪劣的原材料等;集中在食品监管领域,相关的国家工作人员徇私舞弊、滥用职权导致相关的食品安全犯罪没有得到及时遏制,流向民众的餐桌,造成严重的危害结果。第二部分主要阐述我国刑法对食品安全犯罪的规制及其所存在的问题。这一部分是本文论述的重点。2015年10月1日开始实行的新《食品安全法》在很多方面实现质的突破。我国现行刑法在《刑法修正案(八)》中对食品安全犯罪做出了较多的修改,对司法解释做出相应的修改。但是刑法规制仍然没有跟上食品安全法的步伐,存在不少缺陷。比如刑法定位不准确、刑法与《食品安全法》的规定衔接不足:对“掺入”行为的描述不恰当,缺少对持有型和不作为型食品安全犯罪行为的规制,缺少过失的主观罪过形式,刑罚设置不科学等。第三部分主要阐述我国刑法对于食品安全犯罪规制应该进行的完善。这一部分是根据第二部分所罗列的缺陷所提出的完善建议。完善的建议主要按构成要件和刑罚配置两方面进行阐述。首先针对构成要件方面:第一,将该类罪中的几个主要罪名规定在危害公共安全罪中。第二,将刑法第143、144条的“掺入”修改为“使用”。第三,增加刑法对不作为型和持有型食品安全犯罪行为的规制。第四,在生产、销售有毒有害食品罪中扩大主观罪过形式,增加过失的罪过。第五,增加刑法对食品安全犯罪的调整对象,增设“生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品添加剂罪”。最后,针对刑罚配置方面:完善罚金刑制度、严格区分单位和自然人的处罚标准。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the food safety crime incidents in various regions of China have been constantly broken out, involving the production of fake food, the sale of fake goods, the illegal addition of non-edible substances, the misuse of food additives, and other major cases. Food safety is related to people's health and safety. "gutter oil", "problem milk powder", "leather milk" and other events have caused bad social impact. The current food safety crime is increasingly rampant, on the one hand, because the criminal is driven by the interests, on the other hand, because the criminal law of our country is not accurate in the regulation of the related behavior, and has not formed a strict legal network. The food safety crime is connived by the inherent defects such as no effective link with the food safety law, narrow scope of regulation, unreasonable setting of fine penalty and so on. This paper expounds the defects of the criminal law in regulating food safety crimes and puts forward its own perfect suggestions in the hope that it can better solve the food safety problems today. The article includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main body is divided into three parts: the first part mainly describes the current situation of food safety crime in China. The definitions of food, food safety and food safety crimes are clarified, and the major cases of food safety crimes that have occurred in China in recent years are summarized. Great harm; Concentrate on processing, transportation, misuse of food additives or use of fake and inferior raw materials and so on; Concentrated in the field of food supervision, the relevant state staff favoritism fraud, abuse of power led to the related food safety crimes have not been stopped in time, flow to the public table, resulting in serious harm results. The second part mainly expounds the regulation of food safety crime in criminal law of our country and the existing problems. This part is the focus of this paper. The new Food Safety Law, which was put into practice on October 1, 2015, has achieved a qualitative breakthrough in many aspects. In the Criminal Law Amendment (8), the current Criminal Law of our country has made more amendments to the crime of food safety, and made corresponding amendments to the judicial interpretation. However, the criminal law still does not keep up with the pace of food safety law, there are many defects. For example, the orientation of criminal law is inaccurate, and the provisions of the Criminal Law and the Food Safety Law are not sufficiently connected: the description of "adulteration" is inappropriate, the regulation of the criminal acts of food safety of the type of possession and omission is lacking, and the form of subjective guilt of negligence is lacking. The setting of penalty is not scientific. The third part mainly elaborates our country criminal law to the food safety crime regulation should carry on the consummation. This part is based on the defects listed in the second part of the proposed improvements. The suggestions of perfection are mainly described in terms of the elements and penalty allocation. First of all, the main crimes of this kind of crimes are defined in the crime of endangering public security. Second, the "incorporation" of Article 143144 of the Criminal Law shall be amended to "use". Third, increase the criminal law to the omission and possession of food safety crime regulation. Fourth, in the production, sale of toxic and harmful food crime to expand the form of subjective guilt, increase the guilt of negligence. Fifthly, we should increase the object of adjustment of food safety crime in criminal law, and increase the crime of producing and selling food additive that does not meet the safety standard. Finally, the penalty allocation: improve the fine penalty system, strictly distinguish between unit and natural person penalty standards.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.3

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