避免将行政违法认定为刑事犯罪:理念、方法与路径

发布时间：2019-01-28 18:41

【摘要】：刑事司法实践之所以大量存在将一般行政违法行为认定为犯罪的现象,主要是因为没有以正当理念为指引,没有做出实质解释,没有进行独立判断。公、检、法应当以刑法的自由保障理念、刑法的补充性与预防犯罪的理念为指引,充分保障国民的预测可能性,使刑法真正成为保护法益的最后手段,使刑罚成为预防犯罪的有效工具。刑事司法人员应当对构成要件进行实质解释,对违法性进行实质判断;不能将一切利益当作刑法的保护法益;不能分解成或者还原为个人法益的所谓公法益,不是刑法保护的法益。行政法的规定以及行政机关对案件事实与处理结论的认定,只具有作为认定犯罪线索的意义;刑事司法人员必须根据刑法的特点对构成要件要素、案件事实进行独立判断,独立作出处理结论,不得将行政责任的认定结论与根据直接作为刑事责任的认定结论与根据。
[Abstract]:The reason why there is a large number of criminal judicial practice will be the general administrative illegal acts as a crime, mainly because there is no legitimate concept as a guide, no substantive explanation, no independent judgment. The public, procuratorate and law should be guided by the concept of free protection of the criminal law, the supplement of the criminal law and the idea of crime prevention, so as to fully guarantee the forecast possibility of the people, so that the criminal law can really become the last resort of the protection law. Make punishment an effective tool for crime prevention. The criminal justice personnel should interpret the constitutive elements substantively, judge the illegality substantively, and not regard all the interests as the protection benefits of the criminal law. The so-called public law interests which can not be decomposed into or restored to individual legal interests are not legal interests protected by criminal law. The stipulation of administrative law and the confirmation of the fact and conclusion of the case by the administrative organ only have the significance as the clue of the crime; According to the characteristics of criminal law, the criminal justice personnel must judge the elements of constitution and the facts of the case independently, and make the conclusion of dealing with it independently, and not regard the conclusion of administrative responsibility and the conclusion and basis of criminal responsibility directly as the conclusion and basis of criminal responsibility.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究”(项目批准号:16ZDA060)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D924.3

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