终身监禁制度的探究

发布时间：2019-02-14 12:53

【摘要】：终身监禁作为一种比较严厉的自由刑,在西方国家乃至世界范围内都被广泛使用,可谓是当代刑罚改革体系的主流趋势。在《刑法修正案(九)》出台之前,我国学者对于终身监禁与死刑替代措施的问题方面就有不少文墨的解读,由此带来的有关死刑废止的争议问题在我国刑法学界也高居讨论热度榜。如今《刑法修正案(九)》首次把终身监禁这一制度引入其中,以法律规定明确了终身监禁的地位,于我国刑事法律而言,这一全新创设的刑罚裁量制度必然备受瞩目。此外,我国这几十年来,一直从未停止过刑罚制度的改革。在我国不断完善的法制化进程中,我国的刑事政策、立法理念也在不断革新。自改革开放以来,不论是在刑事立法还是审判、司法的实践中,也在一直向着人道与文明的现代化刑罚理念迈进。正是因为《刑法修正案(九)》创新性地确立了终身监禁这一刑罚裁量制度以及我国当代刑罚制度改革这两大热点问题引发了笔者的思考,本文运用比较分析方法,通过查询相关文献资料,在了解起源于英美法系的终身监禁概况的基础之上,根据国外立法现状,明确了终身监禁在国外刑事法律中的刑罚属性。因为这一刑罚种类在各国都普遍适用,特别是在废除死刑的国家。而我国如今也在朝着逐渐限制乃至废除死刑的道路上努力前进,故《刑法修正案(九)》对于终身监禁之一制度的借鉴,于我国法制建设有重要影响。本文从国外终身监禁的缘起演变入手进行概况阐述。终身监禁从近代自由刑发展而来,1764年,《论犯罪与刑罚》一书中,西方法学之鼻祖贝卡里亚提出废除死刑,以终身监禁替代的主张后,终身监禁自此备受瞩目,进而在世界各国被广泛使用,许多国家都将其纳入本国的刑罚体系之中。通过当代各国有关终身监禁的立法情况,进而对域外的实践经验带给我国刑事立法的启示进行思考,明确了我国在刑罚体系改革中引入这一制度的必要性和重要性。在我国现阶段的刑罚体系改革中,终身监禁不仅符合我国“慎用死刑”的刑事政策,还能有效弥补我国现行刑罚结构的缺失。《刑法修正案(九)》使得终身监禁在我国刑罚体系中拥有了一席之位,接着通过我国终身监禁的法律定位,终身监禁适用时间,适用对象,执行规定等方面对具有我国特色的终身监禁制度加以阐述分析。最后,出于完善终身监禁制度以及促进我国刑罚制度改革的考量,提出了将终身监禁作为独立刑种的设想,并提出了具体的制度设计,以及对该设想若能实践后可能引发的重要问题提加以分析。简言之,将终身监禁纳入我国的刑罚体系,可以构建刑罚制度合理阶梯,促进我国当代刑罚制度的改革,有利于我国的法制化建设。
[Abstract]:Life imprisonment, as a severe free penalty, is widely used in the western countries and even the world, and it is the mainstream trend of the contemporary penal reform system. Before the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (9), Chinese scholars have written a lot of interpretations on the issue of life imprisonment and alternative measures to the death penalty. As a result, the issue of abolition of the death penalty is also a hot topic in the criminal law circle of our country. Now the Amendment of Criminal Law (9) introduces the system of life imprisonment into it for the first time, and defines the status of life imprisonment by law. In our country's criminal law, this new penalty discretion system is bound to attract much attention. In addition, in recent decades, China has never stopped the reform of the penal system. In the process of perfecting our country's legal system, our country's criminal policy and legislative idea are innovating constantly. Since the reform and opening up, whether in criminal legislation, trial, judicial practice, has been moving towards the modern concept of humanity and civilization of punishment. It is precisely because the Criminal Law Amendment (9) creatively established the penalty discretion system of life imprisonment and the reform of the contemporary penalty system of our country these two hot issues have aroused the author's thinking. Based on the general situation of life imprisonment originated from Anglo-American law system and the current situation of foreign legislation, this paper clarifies the penalty attribute of life imprisonment in foreign criminal law. Because this kind of penalty is applied in all countries, especially in abolitionist countries. However, our country is also making great efforts to restrict and even abolish the death penalty gradually, so the "Criminal Law Amendment (9)" has an important influence on the legal system construction of our country for the reference of one of the system of life imprisonment. This article starts with the evolution of life imprisonment in foreign countries. Life imprisonment developed from modern free punishment. In 1764, in the book on Crime and penalty, Beccaria, the ancestor of western jurisprudence, proposed the abolition of the death penalty. Then it is widely used all over the world, and many countries bring it into their penal system. Through the legislation of life imprisonment in the contemporary countries, the author thinks about the enlightenment of the overseas practice experience to the criminal legislation of our country, and clarifies the necessity and importance of introducing this system in the reform of the penal system in our country. In the current reform of the penal system in China, life imprisonment is not only in line with the criminal policy of "using the death penalty with caution" in our country. It can also effectively make up for the lack of the current penalty structure in China. < Criminal Law Amendment (9) > makes life imprisonment have a seat in our country's penalty system, and then through the legal position of life imprisonment in our country, life imprisonment is applicable time. Applicable object, enforcement provisions and other aspects of life imprisonment system with the characteristics of China to elaborate and analyze. Finally, in order to perfect the system of life imprisonment and promote the reform of penalty system of our country, this paper puts forward the idea of taking life imprisonment as a kind of independent punishment, and puts forward the concrete system design. And if the idea can be put into practice, it can lead to important problems. In short, putting life imprisonment into the penalty system of our country can construct a reasonable ladder of penalty system, promote the reform of our contemporary penalty system, and be beneficial to the legal construction of our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D924.1

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