我国污染环境罪若干问题研究

发布时间：2019-02-20 07:30

【摘要】：改革开放以来,我国高速发展的经济让世界瞩目,与此同时,环境问题也日益突出,尤其是近年来发生的空气污染、地下水污染、土壤污染等一系列环境污染事件,引起了社会对环境问题的高度关注。国家也逐步加强对环境的重视,党的十七大首次将“生态文明”写入报告,十八大首次将“生态文明”纳入我国“五位一体”的总体战略布局,2013年11月召开的十八届三中全会首次提出“用制度保护生态环境”,这在一定程度上说明需要用重典来惩治污染环境犯罪,严厉打击污染环境犯罪成为建设“美丽中国”的一个重要环节,需要不断推进。 2011年5月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(八)》及2013年6月19日起实施的《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》,这些都是近年我国刑事立法在环境保护上取得的进步,但我国目前仍屡发的特大、重大环境污染事件,说明我国立法层面对污染环境罪的规定还存在很多不足之处。为了使刑法更好的惩治污染环境犯罪、保护环境资源,本文结合国内外的立法及实践,分析现阶段我国污染环境罪存在的问题,提出相应对策,以期进一步完善污染环境罪的相关立法。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分是污染环境罪的概述。通过对该罪发展历程、涉及的相关概念以及特点进行阐述,深化对该罪的了解,为更好地探讨该罪作好铺垫。第二部分是从案例出发,分析我国污染环境罪在司法实践中存在的问题,进而对我国污染环境罪的构成要件和刑罚适用及罪名体系问题进行研究。其中涉及多方面的观点、多层次的分析,旨在寻究该罪的不足之处,发现问题所在。第三部分是对国外关于污染环境犯罪的立法及实践中的部分判例进行简单介绍、分析研究,总结出值得我国借鉴的部分。第四部分是针对我国污染环境罪立法上存在的不足及司法实践中的缺陷提出切实可行的完善化建议。构成要件方面,客体方面主张明确确立环境法益为客体、客观方面主张增设危险犯、主观方面主张确定故意为罪过形态；刑罚适用及罪名体系方面,主张引入严格责任原则、提高法定刑、增设处罚方式、完善罚金刑、细化罪名。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's rapidly developing economy has attracted the attention of the world. At the same time, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. In particular, a series of environmental pollution incidents, such as air pollution, groundwater pollution, soil pollution and so on, have occurred in recent years. Has aroused the society to the environment question high attention. The state has also gradually strengthened its emphasis on the environment. For the first time, the 17th National Congress of the Party has included "ecological civilization" in the report, and the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has for the first time incorporated "ecological civilization" into the overall strategic layout of China's "five-in-one". The third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee held in November 2013 proposed for the first time that "the ecological environment should be protected by the system," which to a certain extent indicates that it is necessary to punish the crime of polluting the environment with a heavy code. Cracking down on the crime of polluting the environment has become an important link in the construction of "beautiful China" and needs to be continuously promoted. The Amendment to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (8), which came into effect on May 1, 2011, and the Supreme people's Court, which came into effect on June 19, 2013, Explanation by the Supreme people's Procuratorate on several issues applicable to the Law in handling Criminal cases of Environmental pollution. These are the progress made in our country's criminal legislation on environmental protection in recent years. It shows that there are still many deficiencies in the regulation of environmental pollution crime in our country. In order to make the criminal law punish the crime of polluting the environment and protect the environment resources better, this paper, combining the legislation and practice at home and abroad, analyzes the problems existing in the crime of pollution of the environment in our country at present, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures. In order to further improve the pollution of the environment related legislation. This paper is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the crime of environmental pollution. Through the development of the crime, the related concepts and characteristics are expounded to deepen the understanding of the crime, in order to better explore the crime. The second part is based on the case, analyzes the problems existing in the judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country, and then studies the constitutive elements, penalty application and charge system of the pollution environmental crime in our country. It involves a variety of views, multi-level analysis, in order to find out the shortcomings of the crime and find out where the problem lies. The third part is a brief introduction to the foreign legislation and practice of environmental pollution crime part of the case, analysis and research, summed up the part worthy of reference in our country. The fourth part is to put forward practical and perfect suggestions on the deficiency of legislation and judicial practice of environmental pollution crime in our country. In terms of the constitutive elements, the object claims to establish the interests of environmental law as the object, the objective side advocates the establishment of dangerous crime, and the subjective aspect advocates the determination of intent as the form of crime; In the aspect of penalty application and charge system, it is advocated to introduce strict liability principle, improve legal penalty, add punishment method, perfect fine penalty and refine charge.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.36

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