拒不执行判决、裁定罪的若干问题及完善
发布时间：2019-02-19 11:37
【摘要】：我国1979年刑法典即规定有拒不执行判决、裁定罪,这对于在司法实践中维护人民法院的正常工作秩序和国家司法权的权威性和严肃性,起到了不可忽视的作用。1997年刑法典对于拒不执行判决、裁定罪进行了合理化修改,使其更具有可操作性。然而随着客观实际情况的不断变化,法律的滞后性问题越来越突出,原有的刑法规范在适用过程中存在的问题也越加突出。2015年全国人大常委会通过的《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(九)》(以下简称《刑法修正案(九)》)提高了拒不执行判决、裁定罪法定刑的幅度,并将单位纳入犯罪主体,适应了社会变迁和法律规范协调统一的需要。《刑法修正案(九)》对拒不执行判决、裁定罪的范围做了全面扩张。对原有刑法典的修改以及《刑法修正案(九)》的出台虽然在一定程度上缓解了法律的滞后性问题,对解决当下社会所面临的新情况具有巨大裨益,但限于拒不执行判决、裁定罪以往的定型化观念以及其法条所规定内容的抽象性和笼统性,致使本罪在处理社会问题时仍会面临新的问题。比如从执行状况来看,拒不执行判决、裁定罪绝大多数适用于拒不执行民事裁判的情况,拒不执行刑事附带民事裁判以及罚金刑的情况虽然严重,但极少适用拒不执行判决、裁定罪定罪处罚。即使《刑法修正案(九)》升高了拒不执行判决、裁定罪的法定刑,但仍然量刑畸轻,与其他罪名不相协调。本文也正是在这些问题存在的基础上,针对当下“执行难”的社会问题着重分析拒不执行判决、裁定罪在适用过程中存在的问题,并对如何解决这些问题提出了完善措施。全文共分为五章:第一章是绪论。主要介绍了本文的选题背景、选题意义、国内外研究现状、写作思路及方法和本文的创新点。第二章是拒不执行判决、裁定罪的概述。该章节主要论述拒不执行判决、裁定罪在我国的历史渊源及发展现状,并简要分析了其构成要件方面的问题,为下文中关于该罪的认定及完善提供理论支撑。第三章是关于拒不执行判决、裁定罪在认定方面的问题。该章节分析了拒不执行判决、裁定罪中罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪以及与他罪的竞合方面的问题。第四章重点分析了拒不执行判决、裁定罪在司法认定和适用过程中面临的问题。主要有“禁止重复评价”原则的适用问题、拒不执行判决、裁定罪在追诉程序中存在的问题、法律适用问题以及其他适用障碍。第五章是针对上述问题提出的完善措施。具体包括将拒不执行刑事、行政裁判的情况从拒不执行判决、裁定罪中分离出去,将拒不执行判决、裁定罪改造为“拒不执行民事裁判罪”,提高法定刑;同时通过罚金刑易科、恢复性司法等制度弥补刑事裁判执行难之困局。
[Abstract]:The Criminal Code of 1979 stipulates that there is a crime of refusing to execute a judgment or ruling a crime, which is of authority and seriousness to the maintenance of the normal working order of the people's court and the judicial power of the state in judicial practice. The Criminal Code of 1997, for refusing to carry out the judgment, ordered the crime to carry out the rationalization modification, making it more operable. However, with the continuous changes of the objective reality, the problem of lag of law becomes more and more prominent. The problems existing in the application of the original criminal law norms are more and more prominent. Proposed amendments to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (9) adopted by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress in 2015 (hereinafter referred to as "Amendment (9) of the Criminal Law") Gao refused to carry out the sentence, The range of the statutory punishment of the crime is ruled, and the unit is brought into the subject of the crime, which meets the need of the harmony and unification of the social changes and the legal norms. < Criminal Law Amendment (9) > has made a comprehensive expansion of the scope of the crime of refusing to carry out the judgment and ruling on the crime. The revision of the original Criminal Code and the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (9) to some extent alleviated the lag problem of the law, which is of great benefit to solving the new situation facing the society, but it is limited to refusing to carry out the judgment. The former stereotyped concept of the conviction and the abstract and general nature of the contents stipulated in the law make this crime still face new problems in dealing with social problems. For example, from the point of view of the state of execution, the refusal to execute the sentence, the ruling of the crime is mostly applicable to the situation of refusing to execute the civil judgment, the refusal to enforce the civil judgment incidental to the criminal case and the situation of the fine, although serious, but rarely applicable to the refusal to carry out the sentence. Award punishment for a crime. Even though the Criminal Law Amendment (9) increases the legal penalty of refusing to execute the sentence and ruling the crime, the sentence is still abnormally light and inconsistent with other charges. On the basis of these problems, this paper focuses on the social problems of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime in the course of application, and puts forward some perfect measures on how to solve these problems. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background, significance, domestic and international research status, writing ideas and methods and the innovation of this paper. The second chapter is the summary of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime. This chapter mainly discusses the historical origin and development status of the crime of refusing to execute the judgment, and briefly analyzes the problems in its constituent elements, which provides theoretical support for the determination and perfection of the crime below. The third chapter is about the refusal to execute the judgment and the determination of the crime. This chapter analyzes the problems of refusing to execute the sentence, deciding the crime and the non-crime, this crime and the other crime competing with the other crime. Chapter four focuses on the problems of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime in the course of judicial cognizance and application. There are mainly problems in the application of the principle of "prohibition against repeated evaluation", refusal to carry out judgment, problems existing in the prosecution procedure, problems in the application of law and other obstacles to the application of the law. The fifth chapter is the improvement measures for the above problems. Specific include refusing to carry out criminal, administrative judgment from refusing to execute the judgment, ruling out the crime of separation, will refuse to execute the sentence, ruling the crime to "refuse to carry out the civil adjudication crime", improve the legal penalty; At the same time through the fine penalty Yi Ke, restorative justice and other systems to make up for the implementation of criminal justice difficult situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3
本文编号：2426465
[Abstract]:The Criminal Code of 1979 stipulates that there is a crime of refusing to execute a judgment or ruling a crime, which is of authority and seriousness to the maintenance of the normal working order of the people's court and the judicial power of the state in judicial practice. The Criminal Code of 1997, for refusing to carry out the judgment, ordered the crime to carry out the rationalization modification, making it more operable. However, with the continuous changes of the objective reality, the problem of lag of law becomes more and more prominent. The problems existing in the application of the original criminal law norms are more and more prominent. Proposed amendments to the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (9) adopted by the standing Committee of the National people's Congress in 2015 (hereinafter referred to as "Amendment (9) of the Criminal Law") Gao refused to carry out the sentence, The range of the statutory punishment of the crime is ruled, and the unit is brought into the subject of the crime, which meets the need of the harmony and unification of the social changes and the legal norms. < Criminal Law Amendment (9) > has made a comprehensive expansion of the scope of the crime of refusing to carry out the judgment and ruling on the crime. The revision of the original Criminal Code and the introduction of the Criminal Law Amendment (9) to some extent alleviated the lag problem of the law, which is of great benefit to solving the new situation facing the society, but it is limited to refusing to carry out the judgment. The former stereotyped concept of the conviction and the abstract and general nature of the contents stipulated in the law make this crime still face new problems in dealing with social problems. For example, from the point of view of the state of execution, the refusal to execute the sentence, the ruling of the crime is mostly applicable to the situation of refusing to execute the civil judgment, the refusal to enforce the civil judgment incidental to the criminal case and the situation of the fine, although serious, but rarely applicable to the refusal to carry out the sentence. Award punishment for a crime. Even though the Criminal Law Amendment (9) increases the legal penalty of refusing to execute the sentence and ruling the crime, the sentence is still abnormally light and inconsistent with other charges. On the basis of these problems, this paper focuses on the social problems of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime in the course of application, and puts forward some perfect measures on how to solve these problems. The full text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction. This paper mainly introduces the background, significance, domestic and international research status, writing ideas and methods and the innovation of this paper. The second chapter is the summary of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime. This chapter mainly discusses the historical origin and development status of the crime of refusing to execute the judgment, and briefly analyzes the problems in its constituent elements, which provides theoretical support for the determination and perfection of the crime below. The third chapter is about the refusal to execute the judgment and the determination of the crime. This chapter analyzes the problems of refusing to execute the sentence, deciding the crime and the non-crime, this crime and the other crime competing with the other crime. Chapter four focuses on the problems of refusing to execute the judgment and ruling the crime in the course of judicial cognizance and application. There are mainly problems in the application of the principle of "prohibition against repeated evaluation", refusal to carry out judgment, problems existing in the prosecution procedure, problems in the application of law and other obstacles to the application of the law. The fifth chapter is the improvement measures for the above problems. Specific include refusing to carry out criminal, administrative judgment from refusing to execute the judgment, ruling out the crime of separation, will refuse to execute the sentence, ruling the crime to "refuse to carry out the civil adjudication crime", improve the legal penalty; At the same time through the fine penalty Yi Ke, restorative justice and other systems to make up for the implementation of criminal justice difficult situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3
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