被害人教义学在德国:源流、发展与局限

发布时间：2019-03-28 19:00

【摘要】：德国的被害人教义学肇始于刑法分论若干具体罪名的研究,从被害人自我保护和刑法辅助性原则的视角研究个罪,主要集中于诈骗罪中的被害人因素。之后被害人教义学持续发展,从最初涉及的诈骗罪和侵害私人秘密罪出发,不断地向越来越多的构成要件扩展和蔓延,并试图在分则体系与总则体系之间架起桥梁。与此同时,被害人教义学也面临着各种争议,比较基础性的争议集中于对刑法辅助性原则的不同理解及这种思想在刑事政策的导向上是否正确。目前德国的刑法教义学仍处于不断深化、渗透、传播及争取共识的进程中。从被害人视角切入刑法问题,将传统的行为人单维视角的理解模式,改变为"行为人-被害人"双维视角的理解模式,这才是被害人教义学的概念应当承载的使命和理论目标。被害人教义学能够在规范层面上理解并规范化地处理被害人的行为对行为人的影响,通过一般性的理论构建回应被害人的规范需求。一个更具包容性和解释力的被害人教义学理论体系将给未来的刑法理论革新带来深刻的影响。
[Abstract]:German victim doctrine started from the study of several specific crimes in criminal law, and studied a crime from the perspective of victim self-protection and the principle of supporting criminal law, mainly focusing on the victim factors in the crime of fraud. After that, the doctrine of the victim continues to develop, starting from the crime of fraud and the crime of infringing on private secrets, it continues to expand and spread to more and more constituent elements, and tries to build a bridge between the sub-rule system and the general rule system. At the same time, the victim doctrine also faces various disputes, the more basic controversy focuses on the different understanding of the principle of subsidiarity of criminal law and whether this thought is correct in the direction of criminal policy. At present, German doctrine of criminal law is still in the process of deepening, infiltrating, spreading and striving for consensus. From the victim's angle of view, the author changes the traditional understanding mode of the one-dimensional perspective of the actor into the two-dimensional perspective of "actor-victim", which is the mission and theoretical goal of the concept of victim doctrine. Victim Doctrine can understand and deal with the influence of victim's behavior on the actor on a normative level, and respond to the normative needs of the victim through the construction of a general theory. A more inclusive and explanatory victim doctrine theory system will bring a profound impact on the future innovation of criminal law theory.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D951.6;DD914

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