论我国性侵害未成年人犯罪的立法完善
发布时间：2019-03-30 16:27
【摘要】：越来越多的性侵害未成年人犯罪的案件被媒体曝光在民众的视野中,使得人们开始广泛关注未成年人性权利的保护问题。虽然近年来我国出台了一些保护该类群体性权利的法律文件,但是我国刑事立法对其的保护依然存在缺陷,不尽如人意。所以本文从刑法角度入手,以给予未成年人特殊保护为目的,针对该类犯罪在立法上存在的缺陷,提出立法建议。本文第一部分,首先从基本概念出发,明确性侵害行为的概念,将其作广义的理解,包括性侵犯和性剥削。其次,根据以上概念,界定性侵害未成年人犯罪的范围。最后,通过对近几年曝光的该类案件进行统计,分析出该类案件呈现被害人低龄化、男性未成年被害人比例增加以及熟人犯罪所占比例大等特点,由此得出对未成年人特殊保护的必要性。第二部分首先介绍了该类犯罪的立法现状,然后分析其存在的不足,主要表现为相关法律规定罪名设置不当、法律规定分布零散且归类不当、对各类被害人的保护不全面、对负有特殊职责的人员作为犯罪主体的立法空白以及相关法律条文的内容不全面。第三部分是对域外相关立法的考察。本文主要选取了以美国、英国为代表的英美法系,和以德国、法国为代表的大陆法系进行立法研究,找到国外的一些先进做法为我国的立法完善提供借鉴,主要表现为以下几个方面:性侵害犯罪的行为方式得到了扩大;犯罪主体和犯罪对象不以性别进行区分;设立单独的罪名或者制定专门的法律以体现对未成年人的特别保护;增加了对未成年人负有特殊职责的人作为犯罪主体的法律规定。第四部分是对该类犯罪的立法完善提出建议。完善的建议主要包含重新设置部分罪名;重新编排罪名所属章节;全面保护各类被害人,主要按照年龄和性别的分类,重新设置性承诺年龄线和扩大犯罪主体、对象的范围;增加对负有特殊职责的人员作为犯罪主体的法律规定;完善相关法律条文的内容,包括对淫秽物品类犯罪的条文内容进行完善和对性侵害的具体行为方式进行明确。
[Abstract]:More and more cases of sexual assault on minors have been exposed by the media, which makes people pay more and more attention to the protection of minor human rights. Although some legal documents have been issued to protect this kind of group rights in recent years, there are still some defects in the protection of the criminal legislation of our country, which is not satisfactory. So this article from the criminal law angle, in order to give the minor special protection as the purpose, aimed at this kind of crime existence in the legislative flaw, put forward the legislative suggestion. The first part of this paper, starting from the basic concept, clarifies the concept of the act of abuse, and makes a broad understanding of it, including sexual assault and sexual exploitation. Secondly, according to the above concept, define the scope of crimes against minors. Finally, through the statistics of this kind of cases exposed in recent years, this paper analyzes the characteristics of this kind of cases, such as the low age of the victims, the increase in the proportion of male minor victims and the large proportion of acquaintance crimes, and so on. Therefore, the necessity of special protection for minors is obtained. The second part first introduces the legislative status of this type of crime, and then analyzes its shortcomings, mainly manifested in the improper setting up of the relevant legal provisions, the scattered and improper classification of the legal provisions, and the incomplete protection of all kinds of victims. The legislative blank of the person with special duty as the subject of crime and the contents of the relevant legal provisions are not comprehensive. The third part is the investigation of the relevant extraterritorial legislation. This paper mainly selects the Anglo-American law system represented by the United States, Britain as the representative, and the continental law system represented by Germany and France as the representative to carry on the legislative research, and finds some foreign advanced practices to provide the reference for the legislative perfection of our country. The main manifestations are as follows: the way of sexual assault crime has been expanded; There is no distinction between the subject of crime and the object of crime according to sex; the establishment of separate charges or the enactment of special laws to reflect the special protection of minors; and the addition of legal provisions on persons with special responsibilities for minors as subjects of crime. The fourth part is to put forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation of this kind of crime. The perfect suggestions mainly include re-setting part of the crime; rearranging the chapter of the crime; protecting all kinds of victims comprehensively, mainly according to the classification of age and sex, re-setting the age line of sexual commitment and expanding the scope of the subject and object of the crime; We should increase the legal provisions for the persons with special duties as the subject of crime, perfect the contents of the relevant legal provisions, including the improvement of the content of the provisions of the crime of obscene articles and the specific acts of sexual assault.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3
本文编号：2450268
[Abstract]:More and more cases of sexual assault on minors have been exposed by the media, which makes people pay more and more attention to the protection of minor human rights. Although some legal documents have been issued to protect this kind of group rights in recent years, there are still some defects in the protection of the criminal legislation of our country, which is not satisfactory. So this article from the criminal law angle, in order to give the minor special protection as the purpose, aimed at this kind of crime existence in the legislative flaw, put forward the legislative suggestion. The first part of this paper, starting from the basic concept, clarifies the concept of the act of abuse, and makes a broad understanding of it, including sexual assault and sexual exploitation. Secondly, according to the above concept, define the scope of crimes against minors. Finally, through the statistics of this kind of cases exposed in recent years, this paper analyzes the characteristics of this kind of cases, such as the low age of the victims, the increase in the proportion of male minor victims and the large proportion of acquaintance crimes, and so on. Therefore, the necessity of special protection for minors is obtained. The second part first introduces the legislative status of this type of crime, and then analyzes its shortcomings, mainly manifested in the improper setting up of the relevant legal provisions, the scattered and improper classification of the legal provisions, and the incomplete protection of all kinds of victims. The legislative blank of the person with special duty as the subject of crime and the contents of the relevant legal provisions are not comprehensive. The third part is the investigation of the relevant extraterritorial legislation. This paper mainly selects the Anglo-American law system represented by the United States, Britain as the representative, and the continental law system represented by Germany and France as the representative to carry on the legislative research, and finds some foreign advanced practices to provide the reference for the legislative perfection of our country. The main manifestations are as follows: the way of sexual assault crime has been expanded; There is no distinction between the subject of crime and the object of crime according to sex; the establishment of separate charges or the enactment of special laws to reflect the special protection of minors; and the addition of legal provisions on persons with special responsibilities for minors as subjects of crime. The fourth part is to put forward some suggestions to perfect the legislation of this kind of crime. The perfect suggestions mainly include re-setting part of the crime; rearranging the chapter of the crime; protecting all kinds of victims comprehensively, mainly according to the classification of age and sex, re-setting the age line of sexual commitment and expanding the scope of the subject and object of the crime; We should increase the legal provisions for the persons with special duties as the subject of crime, perfect the contents of the relevant legal provisions, including the improvement of the content of the provisions of the crime of obscene articles and the specific acts of sexual assault.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3
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