我国刑法上的事后不可罚行为研究

发布时间：2019-05-19 21:19

【摘要】：事后不可罚行为理论并非是我国传统刑法学界的产物,它是我国从大陆法系国家和地区借鉴而来的“舶来品”。在我国,对其深入研究的文章和著作较少。但是,事后不可罚行为不仅在学理上还是刑事司法中都具有及其重要的意义。本文立足于该种现实,在借鉴比较大陆法系国家研究成果的基础之上,分为五个部分,对事后不可罚行为理论展开深入的论述,为形成一个较完整的理论体系,贡献自己的一份力量。文章的第一部分主要介绍西方国家以及我国刑法学者关于事后不可罚行为的概念,并对概念包含的内容进行评析,提出个人见解,最后对我国事后不可罚行为的概念进行界定,为后续研究该理论打下基础。第二部分重点分析阐述事后不可罚行为的法理基础和价值功能,事后不可罚之所以不罚,来源于两个法理基础,其一,禁止重复评价原则,即对于行为人实施的一个犯罪行为,只能进行一次刑法意义上的评价。事后行为是主行为在事实上的延伸,本质上没有侵犯新的法益,对后行为不予处罚,符合禁止重复评价的法理基础。其二,期待可能性说。在行为人实施了犯罪的主行为之后,不能期待行为人实施后续的适法行为,因而行为人实施的维持、保持不法利益的后行为因缺乏期待可能性而不予处罚。不仅如此,事后不可罚行为体现了刑法谦抑性、区分一罪与数罪、节约司法资源,提高办案效率的价值功能。文章的第三部分详细介绍大陆法系国家关于事后不可罚行为罪数本质的学说,接着分析事后不可罚与我国刑法上其他相关罪数理论的关系,例如事后不可罚行为和吸收犯的关系,事后不可罚行为和牵连犯的关系。通过分析对比得出,事后不可罚行为既不属于吸收犯,也不属于牵连犯的范畴。在事后不可罚行为场合中,主行为和后行为都符合犯罪构成要件,因此在罪数的评价阶段成立数罪;但是在处罚阶段,因为对主行为的处罚已经能够将后行为涵盖在内,因此只对主行为进行定罪处罚即可。文章的第四部分主要阐述事后不可罚行为与可罚行为的界限。在司法实践中,不可罚行为的逻辑对立面是可罚行为,正确区分二者的界限有助于在刑事司法中正确认定事后不可罚行为。笔者首先对事后不可罚行为及事后可罚行为的特征和类型进行了分析,二者不论是在主体、行为的性质、侵犯的法益方面都不同,正确区分二者的特征是界定二者界限的关键。接着,笔者对刑事司法中成立事后不可罚行为的案例进行剖析,通过案例说明如何在刑事司法中认定事后不可罚行为。最后,分析探讨成立事后不可罚行为的特殊情形——在共同犯罪中如何认定事后不可罚行为。文章的最后一部分,笔者首先论述在起诉和审判中如何计算事后不可罚的追诉时效,最后进行展望,希望能将事后不可罚行为纳入我国的刑事立法,并对此提出相关立法建议:将事后不可罚行为在刑法总则中进行原则性规定,然后在分则中予以专章规定。
[Abstract]:The post-post non-penalty behavior theory is not the product of the traditional Chinese criminal law circle, which is the "imported goods" from the countries and regions of the continental law system. In our country, there are few articles and works on the in-depth study. However, the post-event non-punishment behavior is not only in the theory of science or in the criminal justice, but also its important meaning. This paper is based on this kind of reality, which is divided into five parts on the basis of comparing the research results of the continental law system, and discusses the theory of non-penalty behavior after the latter, so as to form a more complete theoretical system and make a contribution to its own strength. The first part of the article mainly introduces the concept of the non-penalty behavior of the western countries and the Chinese criminal law scholars, analyzes the contents of the concept, puts forward the individual opinions, and finally defines the concept of the post-post-punishment behavior of our country, and lays the foundation for the follow-up study of the theory. The second part focuses on the legal basis and the value function of the non-penalty behavior after the latter, and the non-punishment after the latter is derived from two legal bases, one of which is the prohibition of the principle of repeated evaluation, that is, a criminal act committed by the perpetrator, The evaluation of the meaning of a criminal law can only be carried out. The ex post act is the extension of the main act in fact, does not violate the new legal interest in essence, does not punish the latter, and is in accordance with the legal basis of the prohibition of repeated evaluation. Second, look forward to the possibility. After the actor has committed the main act of the crime, it is not expected that the actor will implement the follow-up appropriate act, so the maintenance of the actor's implementation and the post-act of maintaining the illegal interests will not be punished because of the lack of expectation. Not only that, the post-event non-punishment behavior is the function of the limitation of the criminal law, the distinction of a crime and a number of crimes, the saving of the judicial resources and the improvement of the efficiency of the handling of the case. In the third part of the article, the author introduces the theory of the nature of the non-punishable act of the civil law system in detail, and then analyzes the relationship between the non-penalty and other relevant crimes in the criminal law of our country, for example, the relationship between the non-penalty and the absorption of the crime. The relationship between the post-post non-penalty act and the implicated offender. Through the analysis and comparison, the post-hoc non-punishment behavior is neither the absorption and the scope of the implicated offender. In the case of post-event non-punishment, the main behavior and the post-act are in accordance with the constitutive elements of the crime, so the number of crimes is set up in the evaluation stage of the number of crimes; however, in the punishment stage, since the punishment of the main behavior has been able to cover the post-acts, only the main behavior can be convicted and punished. The fourth part of the article mainly expounds the boundary between the non-penalty behavior and the punishable act. In the judicial practice, the logic antithesis of the non-penalty act is a punishable act, and the proper distinction between the two is helpful to the correct finding of the post-post inpenalty in the criminal justice. The author first analyzes the characteristics and types of post-post and post-punishment behavior, both of which are different in the subject, the nature of the act and the legal benefit of the violation, and the right to distinguish the two is the key to the definition of the two. Then, the author makes an analysis of the case of the formation of post-post-punishment in the criminal justice, and through the case of the case, how to find the post-punishment act in the criminal justice. In the end, the article analyzes the special circumstances of the formation of post-event non-punishment, and how to determine the post-post-punishment behavior in the joint crime. In the last part of the article, the author first discusses how to calculate the time-of-case and the prospect of the non-penalty after the prosecution and trial, and hope to include the post-post inpenalty into the criminal legislation of our country, and put forward the relevant legislative suggestions: The principle of non-penalty in the general rules of the criminal law is set out in the general rules of the criminal law, and the provisions of the special chapter are given in the sub-rules.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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