试论我国突发公共卫生事件中行政强制的不足与规制

发布时间：2018-02-09 09:15

本文关键词： 突发公共卫生事件行政强制完善建议　出处：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在2011年出台《行政强制法》之后，行政强制作为一种行使行政权力、实现公共行政服务的手段，发挥着日益重要的作用。一方面，可以运用于社会正常状态下的社会管理，另一方面，在出现各种突发公共事件时，行政强制作为一种高强度的控制手段，对于突发事件的迅速控制和化解危机，发挥着重要的功能。突发公共卫生事件中的行政强制一方面深刻的影响着公民的各种权利，另一方面也是应对危机、维护整个社会秩序而必须采取的强有力措施。对此种行政紧急强制进行合理的规制，，是保障公民权利、建立宪政国家的必然要求。从2003年抗击非典以来，政府为战胜疫情，采取了大量的行政紧急强制手段，在此种紧急状态下，快速有效的控制了疫情的蔓延，维护了公民的生命健康。但是，在具体的实施中，也出现了大量的问题，如实施主体不具体统一，一些强制行为存在过激、不合规范的现象。同时，由于突发公共卫生事件情况的紧急性，在实施行政强制时往往缺乏相应的监督救济机制，造成了大量权力滥用的现象，损害了相对人的相关权利，影响了行政效率的提高，不利于行政目标的实现。我国目前关于突发公共卫生事件法治状况的研究主要集中在宏观的应急机制层面，对其中的微观方面研究较少且不够深入。本文选取突发公共卫生事件中行政强制这一视角，首先分析了行政紧急强制的一般理论，然后重点对突发公共卫生事件这一领域中行政强制相关理论进行阐述，对在突发公共卫生事件中运用行政强制的必然性、带来的效果、需要坚持的原则作了相应的论述。其次对突发公共卫生事件这一领域存在的法律规范以及实践情况进行总结，归纳出了行政强制的主要手段以及相关的主体。然后对目前存在的问题进行分析，主要包括法律规范不统一、实施主体不具体、程序不合规范以及缺乏相应的监督救济机制等。最后，针对这些问题，分别从法律体系与理念的完善、行政执法的完善、监督与救济机制的完善这三个范畴给出了相应的建议，并在有关方面借鉴了其他国家的相关法律规定以及实践经验。
[Abstract]:After the introduction of the Administrative compulsory Law in 2011, administrative coercion, as a means of exercising administrative power and realizing public administrative services, plays an increasingly important role. On the one hand, it can be applied to social management in a normal social state. On the other hand, administrative compulsion, as a high-intensity means of control, plays an important role in the rapid control of emergencies and the resolution of crises. On the one hand, administrative coercion in public health emergencies profoundly affects citizens' rights, on the other hand, they also deal with the crisis. It is necessary to take strong measures to maintain the whole social order. It is an inevitable requirement to protect the rights of citizens and establish a constitutional state by imposing reasonable regulations on this kind of administrative emergency. Since the fight against SARS in 2003, the government has adopted a large number of administrative emergency coercive measures to combat the epidemic. Under such a state of emergency, it has quickly and effectively controlled the spread of the epidemic and safeguarded the life and health of its citizens. In the concrete implementation, there are also a large number of problems, such as the lack of concrete unification of the subject of implementation, the extreme and irregular phenomenon of some compulsory acts. At the same time, due to the emergency of the public health emergency, In the implementation of administrative enforcement, there is often a lack of corresponding supervision and relief mechanism, which has caused a large number of abuse of power, damaged the relative person's relevant rights, affected the improvement of administrative efficiency, and is not conducive to the realization of administrative objectives. At present, the research on the rule of law of public health emergencies in our country is mainly focused on the macro emergency mechanism, and the research on the micro aspects is less and less thorough. This paper selects the perspective of administrative compulsion in public health emergencies. This paper first analyzes the general theory of administrative emergency compulsion, then focuses on the related theories of administrative compulsion in the field of public health emergencies, and the effect of the necessity of applying administrative compulsion in public health emergencies. The principles that need to be adhered to are discussed accordingly. Secondly, the existing legal norms and practice in the field of public health emergencies are summarized. The main means of administrative compulsion and the relevant subjects are summarized. Then the existing problems are analyzed, including the disunity of legal norms, the lack of concrete implementation of the main body, The procedure is not standardized and the corresponding supervision and remedy mechanism is lacking. Finally, in view of these problems, the corresponding suggestions are put forward from three aspects: the perfection of the legal system and idea, the perfection of the administrative law enforcement, the perfection of the supervision and the relief mechanism, etc. And the relevant aspects of reference to other countries in the relevant legal provisions and practical experience.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.11

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