论行政强制中的比例原则

发布时间：2018-02-10 12:44

本文关键词： 比例原则行政强制行政强制手段行政强制目的利益衡量　出处：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：比例原则产生发展于近代西方国家的公法理论与实践,它对防止国家权力滥用和保护公民的合法权益具有非常重要的作用。而行政强制制度作为一种控权制度,一方面有利于维护社会秩序,另一方面却时刻威胁着公民的个体权利,如何在履行职责的同时又能使个体权利所受的损失限定在合理的范围内,这就需要执法人员在履行职责的过程中时刻贯彻比例原则的精神。为了研究比例原则在行政强制中如何适用,本文主要分四个部分对这个问题进行分析。第一部分明确比例原则的基本内涵及其产生的渊源,同时阐明比例原则在行政法中的定位并且分析比例原则在行政强制中的重要性。对于这一部分的写作目的在于熟悉比例原则的理论体系,并且通过对适用意义的阐述明了本文的写作目的：第二部分重点介绍域外国家在行政强制中如何适用比例原则,本部分并未从宏观上呈现国外在哪些法条中提到比例原则,而是从行政强制执法和司法审查的角度来对比例原则的运用进行介绍。对于这一部分的写作目的主要是通过对不同执法适用方法以及司法审查模式的比较,来为我国提供可借鉴的经验；第三部分是我国目前的行政强制法中比例原则的适用现状,主要从立法现状和执法现状加以介绍。其中在立法上,主要涉及设定、行政强制措施、行政强制执行三个方面；在执法上,则主要从城管执法依据、执法中存在的问题以及比例原则在城管行政强制执法中的适用现状的介绍来管窥如今比例原则在中国社会执法领域适用情况。其研究目的是从适用的现状中发现问题和不足,为第五部分的写作打下基础；第四部分说明比例原则在行政强制领域的适用中所遇到的困难,主要包括执法和司法中的困难,从而找出解决这些难题的对策,主要从立法、执法和司法三部分提出笔者的一点拙见。
[Abstract]:The principle of proportionality develops from the theory and practice of public law in modern western countries. It plays a very important role in preventing the abuse of state power and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of citizens. On the one hand, it is conducive to maintaining social order, on the other hand, it threatens the individual rights of citizens at all times. How to limit the loss of individual rights to a reasonable range while performing its duties, In order to study how the principle of proportionality is applied in administrative enforcement, this paper mainly analyzes this problem in four parts. The first part clarifies the basic connotation of the principle of proportion and its origin. At the same time, it clarifies the orientation of the principle of proportion in the administrative law and analyzes the importance of the principle of proportion in the administrative compulsion. The purpose of this part is to be familiar with the theoretical system of the principle of proportionality. And the purpose of this paper is clarified by expounding the meaning of application. The second part focuses on how to apply the principle of proportionality in the administrative enforcement of foreign countries. The purpose of this part is to introduce the application of the principle of proportionality from the angle of administrative enforcement and judicial review. The purpose of this part is mainly to compare the different methods of law enforcement and the mode of judicial review. To provide our country with the experience that can be used for reference; The third part is the current situation of the application of the principle of proportionality in the administrative compulsory law of our country, which is mainly introduced from the current legislative situation and the current situation of law enforcement, in which the legislation mainly involves three aspects: the establishment, the administrative coercive measure and the administrative enforcement; In terms of law enforcement, it is mainly based on the law enforcement basis of urban management. The problems existing in the law enforcement and the present situation of the application of the proportionality principle in the compulsory enforcement of urban management administration are introduced to see the application of the proportion principle in the field of law enforcement in China. The purpose of the study is to find out the problems and deficiencies in the application of the law enforcement principle. Lay the foundation for 5th part of writing; Part 4th describes the difficulties encountered in the application of the principle of proportionality in the field of administrative coercion, mainly including the difficulties in law enforcement and the administration of justice, so as to find solutions to these difficulties, mainly from the point of view of legislation, Three parts of law enforcement and justice put forward a point of view of the author.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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