转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 14:43

本文关键词： 转基因食品公众知情权标签制度信息公开公众参与　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：知情权是宪法上的基本人权,转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障以此为根基,同时也以《消费者权益保障法》、《食品安全法》、《政府信息公开条例》等法律法规为基础,要求政府、公众、食品的生产者和经营者共同参与的信息公开权。当然,实现转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障不是凭空而来,而是有着深刻的必然性。从理论和现实层面来讲,民主宪政社会下的知情权理论、现代风险社会理论,以及转基因食品自身受到文化社会、政治经济等各方面因素的影响,都要求转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障。对待转基因食品,美国与欧盟是世界上两种政策的典型代表。通过对二者相关制度的研究发现,尽管美国与欧盟对待转基因食品的态度大相径庭,但他们在转基因食品的审批和决策程序中注重程序正义,都有相似的信息公开与公众参与机制,都保障了公民的参与权与知情权。美国与欧盟政策的不同除了与对待转基因食品的态度不同有关外,还在于二者转基因生物技术发展状况的不同以及背后政治经济利益的博弈,其经验教训启示我们要实现粮食战略与公众知情权法律保障的平衡,不能顾此失彼。同时,从对二者制度与发展趋势的比较分析中,也可以看出转基因食品公众知情的法律保障是必然选择,实现其法律保障要从信息公开、民主参与、与标签制度三方面入手。我国也有一系列相应的法律法规来保障转基因食品公众知情权。通过对转基因食品标签制度的法律法规进行梳理,可以发现,我国对转基因食品的监管有所倒退,对转基因食品秉持较之以前更为宽松的态度,《食品安全法》新的修订也只是对公众呼声的一种形式上的妥协。总体上来说,我国的转基因食品标签制度不够完善,转基因食品政府信息公开存在被动性、保守性、单向性、信息公开与非公开之间界限的模糊性等问题,公众参与呈空白状态,尽管民众对实现转基因食品信息的呼声很高,但是无诉诸途径,公民的权利主张通常呈现零散的、个体的特点,导致其影响力有限。从各种分析来看,转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障选择并不是孤立存在的,它与一个国家的粮食安全战略、生物技术发展水平、消费者宗教信仰以及环境保护等都有着千丝万缕的关系。实现转基因食品公众知情权的法律保障,就要排除相关障碍因素,重塑转基因食品公众知情权法律保障理念,才能进一步进行具体法律制度的完善,才能保障法律制度得以良好执行。
[Abstract]:The right to know is a fundamental human right in the Constitution. The legal protection of the public's right to know about genetically modified foods is based on the laws and regulations such as the Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law, the Food Safety Law, and the regulations on the publicity of Government Information. The right of the public, food producers and operators to participate in the disclosure of information. Of course, the legal protection to realize the public's right to know about genetically modified foods does not come out of thin air, but has a profound inevitability. From the theoretical and practical aspects, The theory of the right to know in the democratic constitutional society, the theory of modern risk society, and the genetically modified food itself are influenced by various factors, such as culture, politics and economy, etc. The United States and the European Union are typical representatives of the two policies in the world. Through a study of the two related systems, it was found that. Although the United States and the European Union have very different attitudes towards GM foods, they attach great importance to procedural justice in their approval and decision-making procedures, and have similar mechanisms for information disclosure and public participation. The differences between the policies of the United States and the European Union not only relate to the different attitudes towards genetically modified foods, but also lie in the differences in the development of genetically modified biotechnology between the two countries and the game between political and economic interests behind them. Its experience and lessons enlighten us that we should realize the balance between grain strategy and the legal guarantee of public right to know, and we should not lose sight of one another. At the same time, from the comparative analysis of the two systems and the trend of development, It can also be seen that the legal protection of the public's knowledge of genetically modified foods is an inevitable choice. China also has a series of corresponding laws and regulations to protect the public's right to know about genetically modified foods. By combing through the laws and regulations of the labelling system of genetically modified foods, it can be found that, China's regulation of genetically modified foods has been retrogressive, and its attitude towards GM foods is more relaxed than before. The new revision of the Food Safety Law is only a formal compromise to the public's voice. Generally speaking, The labelling system of transgenic food in our country is not perfect, the government information disclosure of transgenic food has some problems, such as passivity, conservatism, unidirectionality, fuzziness between information disclosure and non-disclosure, and public participation is blank. Although there is a strong public clamour for information on GM foods, there is no recourse, and citizens' claims are often fragmented and individual, leading to limited influence. The choice of legal protection of the public's right to know about genetically modified foods does not exist in isolation. It is associated with a country's food security strategy and the level of biotechnology development. The religious beliefs of consumers and the protection of the environment are inextricably linked. In order to realize the legal protection of the public's right to know about genetically modified foods, it is necessary to remove the relevant obstacles and reshape the concept of legal protection of the public's right to know about genetically modified foods. In order to further improve the specific legal system, to ensure the good implementation of the legal system.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.294;D922.16

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