论宅基地的退出机制

发布时间：2018-03-16 17:04

本文选题：农村　切入点：宅基地　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自我国实行改革开放政策以来,随着新农村建设的发展和城镇化的进步,大量农村人口迁往城镇居住、生活和就业,这样导致了农村地区大量宅基地的闲置现象。与此同时,农村中“一户多宅”、超标占用宅基地的情况也非常普遍。因此,城镇和农村建设用地呈现双向不利扩张的情况,由此导致的耕地保护形势非常严峻。宅基地制度最初是建立在计划经济时代,带有强烈的社会福利保障色彩,在中国的土地制度变革和发展之中,对于维护农村地区的稳定、促进经济的发展起到了明显的保障作用。但是随着社会经济的发展,城市化和工业化进行不断加快,社会正在发生转型,现存的宅基地制度既缺失一种有效的流通机制,也缺失一种行之有效退出机制,不利于我国经济的长期稳定发展。因而,我国亟需探索建立和完善宅基地制度的退出路径,完善宅基地的退出和补偿机制,以此来促进宅基地的物尽其用,高效整合有限的土地资源。鉴于我国目前的具体国情,有必要完善宅基地的退出机制,解决当前宅基地流转制度的局限性,以此来优化土地资源的配置,高效利用土地资源。首先应对宅基地的基本概念、宅基地使用权以及宅基地退出机制的涵义与法律特征的做出详细的理论阐释,并将宅基地的退出机制关联的理论研究作为铺垫,讨论与宅基地相关权利的产权理论、制度变迁理论和平等物权保护、物权法定理论进而研究宅基地制度背后的法理支撑,然后对我国宅基地退出中的现状和问题及其成因做出明确的剖析,明确宅基地退出方式的选择和退出机制的构建要求,并对宅基地的退出机制提出合理化的建议,从立法层面进一步强化宅基地使用权的物权性质、建立农户主动退出宅基地的激励机制和补偿机制、弥补宅基地退出机制相配套的农村社会保障制度的缺失、正确把握宅基地退出过程中的各方利益的分配与平衡、在尊重农民意愿、坚持以人为本的前提下兼顾公平与效率,以此来优化配置土地资源。宅基地的退出机制的建立和完善,首先能够使得闲置荒废的土地重新得到利用,这就相应的缓解了耕地保护的压力,充分利用宅基地闲置资源,能够有效拓展土地空间,缓解社会经济发展中的土地需求。其次,宅基地的退出机制的建立可以起到维护社会稳定的巨大作用,并能够最大限度的保护农民权益。.完善相关利益分配,使得农民实实在在享受城镇化建设的福利。再次,宅基地的退出机制的建立是统筹城乡经济发展、城乡一体化的重要举措。农户可以享受更加适宜的生活环境和居住条件,以及相配套的服务设施和医疗设施。最后,宅基地的退出机制的建立和完善,可以进一步提高并改善居住和生活环境,节约政府基础设施建设成本,为社会主义新农村的建设奠定坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of new rural construction and the progress of urbanization, a large number of rural people have moved to live, live and work in cities and towns since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world in our country, which has led to the idle phenomenon of a large number of homestead in rural areas. In rural areas, "one family with many homes" is also very common. Therefore, urban and rural construction land shows a two-way unfavorable expansion. As a result, the situation of cultivated land protection is very severe. The homestead system was initially established in the planned economy era, with a strong sense of social welfare protection. In the process of the reform and development of China's land system, it is of great importance to maintain the stability of rural areas. But with the development of social economy, urbanization and industrialization are accelerating, the society is undergoing transformation, and the existing homestead system lacks an effective circulation mechanism. There is also a lack of an effective exit mechanism, which is not conducive to the long-term and stable development of our economy. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to explore the exit path to establish and improve the homestead system, and to perfect the withdrawal and compensation mechanism of the homestead. In order to promote the use of housing land, efficient integration of limited land resources. In view of the current situation of our country, it is necessary to perfect the exit mechanism of the homestead, solve the limitation of the current homestead circulation system, and optimize the allocation of the land resources. First of all, the basic concept of homestead, the right to use homestead and the meaning and legal characteristics of Homestead withdrawal mechanism should be explained in detail. And taking the theoretical research of the exiting mechanism of the homestead as the pawn, discussing the theory of property right, the theory of institutional change and the protection of the equal real right, and the theory of the legal theory behind the homestead system, and then studying the legal support behind the homestead system. Then it makes a clear analysis of the current situation, problems and causes of homestead withdrawal in our country, clarifies the choice of homestead exit mode and the construction requirements of exiting mechanism, and puts forward some reasonable suggestions to the exiting mechanism of homestead. From the legislative level further strengthen the real right nature of the right to use the homestead, establish the incentive mechanism and compensation mechanism for farmers to withdraw from the homestead voluntarily, and make up for the lack of the rural social security system which is matched by the homestead withdrawal mechanism. In order to optimize the allocation of land resources, we should correctly grasp the distribution and balance of the interests of all parties in the process of homestead withdrawal, respect the will of farmers and adhere to the premise of taking the people as the basis to give consideration to fairness and efficiency. With the establishment and perfection of the exit mechanism of the homestead, the idle and abandoned land can be reused, which relieves the pressure of cultivated land protection, makes full use of the idle resources of the homestead, and can effectively expand the land space. To alleviate the land demand in the social and economic development. Secondly, the establishment of the withdrawal mechanism of the homestead can play a great role in maintaining social stability, and it can maximize the protection of farmers' rights and interests, and improve the distribution of related interests. So that farmers can really enjoy the benefits of urbanization. Thirdly, the establishment of an exit mechanism for homestead is an important measure to coordinate the economic development of urban and rural areas and to integrate urban and rural areas. Farmers can enjoy a more suitable living environment and living conditions. Finally, the establishment and improvement of the exit mechanism of the homestead can further improve the living and living environment, and save the cost of government infrastructure construction. For the construction of a new socialist countryside to lay a solid foundation.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.32

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