我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 20:24

本文选题：行政侵权　切入点：精神损害　出处：《天津师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在现代社会,随着社会分工的日益细化和复杂,行政管理的事项不断增多、范围不断扩展,行政权也在不断的膨胀。但由于行政权力制约机制的有限性,行政侵权行为大量出现。为了限制行政权,保障公民的合法权利,我国制定了行政诉讼法、国家赔偿法等一系列法律法规。从行政诉讼到申请国家赔偿,再到可以对行政侵权行为造成的损害后果请求精神损害赔偿,我国的法律一直在保护公民权利的道路上前进。但是,我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度还存在不完善之处,尤其是在请求人对行政侵权造成的精神损害请求精神损害抚慰金时,由于我国《国家赔偿法》存在规定不够明确的问题,其缺乏可操作性,导致请求人请求精神损害赔偿难以获得成功,鲜有请求精神损害抚慰金胜诉的案例出现。本文通过实证研究、历史研究和比较研究的方法,对行政侵权精神损害赔偿的问题进行了研究,以期对我国精神损害赔偿制度的完善提供有益的改进。文章第一部分介绍了选题的目的和意义,对行政侵权造成的精神损害进行赔偿,可以更好的保障公民权利,这是实现依法治国的必然要求。文章的第二部分介绍了行政侵权精神损害赔偿问题的相关概念,包括行政侵权行为、精神损害、精神损害赔偿等。根据我国《国家赔偿法》的规定,精神损害赔偿是因行政机关及其工作人员在行使行政职权时,侵犯了受害人的生命权、健康权以及人身自由权造成受害人精神损害而进行的国家赔偿。文章的第三部分介绍了我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿立法及相关规定的演进,我国的行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度经历了从无到有,从没有金钱性赔偿到有金钱性赔偿,从国家层面立法到地方层面立法及规定等几个阶段,虽然在不断进步,但还是存在不足之处,笔者对此进行了考察。文章第四部分介绍了行政侵权精神损害赔偿的相关案例,并对案例进行分析,提出了实践中我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度需要完善的地方。文章最后一部分在借鉴境外国家和地区有关行政侵权精神损害赔偿的法律及规定的基础上,提出了我国行政侵权精神损害赔偿制度应该进行改进的地方,包括明确何为《国家赔偿法》中的“造成严重后果”、扩大行政侵权精神损害赔偿的范围、确定精神损害的赔偿标准、明晰精神损害赔偿诉讼中举证责任的承担,这样才能更好的实现保障公民合法权利之目的,使精神损害赔偿请求得以顺利进行。
[Abstract]:In modern society, with the increasing refinement and complexity of the social division of labor, the number of administrative matters is increasing, the scope is expanding, and the administrative power is expanding. However, due to the limitation of the administrative power restriction mechanism, In order to limit the administrative power and protect the legal rights of citizens, China has formulated a series of laws and regulations, such as the Administrative procedure Law, the State compensation Law, etc., from administrative litigation to applying for state compensation. The law of our country has been advancing on the road of protecting the civil rights. However, there are still some imperfections in the system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort. Especially in the process of requesting compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, the state compensation law of our country is short of maneuverability because of the lack of clear stipulation. As a result, it is difficult for the claimant to obtain the compensation for moral damage, and there are few cases in which the solace of spiritual damage is claimed. This paper adopts the methods of empirical research, historical research and comparative study. This paper studies the problem of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort in order to improve the system of compensation for mental damage in China. The first part of the article introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, compensation for the spiritual damage caused by administrative tort, can better protect the rights of citizens, which is the inevitable requirement to achieve the rule of law. The second part of the article introduces the related concepts of compensation for mental damage in administrative tort, including administrative tort, mental damage, compensation for mental damage, etc. According to the provisions of the State compensation Law of our country, Compensation for moral damage is the state compensation for the mental damage caused by the violation of the victim's right to life, right to health and the right to personal liberty when the administrative organ and its staff members exercise their administrative functions. The third part of the article introduces the evolution of the legislation and related provisions of mental damage compensation for administrative tort in our country. The system of compensation for mental damage of administrative tort in our country has experienced from nothing to exist, from no pecuniary compensation to pecuniary compensation. From the national level legislation to the local level legislation and regulations, although in progress, but there are still shortcomings, the author of this study. The fourth part of the article introduces the related cases of the compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, and analyzes the cases, and puts forward some points that need to be improved in practice. In the last part of the article, on the basis of drawing lessons from the laws and regulations of overseas countries and regions on the compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, the author points out that the system of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative infringement in our country should be improved. Including clarifying what is "causing serious consequences" in the "State compensation Law", expanding the scope of compensation for mental damage caused by administrative tort, determining the standard of compensation for mental damage, and clarifying the burden of proof in the litigation for compensation for mental damage. In this way, the purpose of protecting citizens' legal rights can be better realized, and the claim for compensation for moral damage can proceed smoothly.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1;D923

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