我国房屋限购令的行政法思考

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:56

本文选题：房屋限购令　切入点：合法性　出处：《广西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：住房问题一直是关乎我国国计民生的大问题。当今,房价高涨,“住房难”、“购房难”已经成为了人民群众普遍关心的重要问题。为了控制房价的过快上涨,实现到“居者有其所”的安居目标。近年来,我国政府对房地产市场进行了多次调控。在党的十八大报告中,明确提出建立政府保障与市场配置相结合的住房保障制度,即“双轨制”。由政府主导、房地产市场的经营者参与,一起建设保障性住房,加快建设保障性住房,努力解决老百姓的住房难的问题。在国家的调控房地产市场的政策中,房屋限购令一直都是国家调控房价的最为核心的政策。在2014年3月5日李克强总理在全国两会作的政府工作报告中,再次提到了要解决我国人民“住房难”的问题,此举足以彰显国家打压不正常房价,降温房地产市场,保障民生的坚定决心。从“国十一条”、“国十条”、“国八条”再到“新国五条”,房屋限购令的规定越来越严格,限购条件也越来越苛刻。由于限购令涉及的面比较广,触动的社会利益比较大。所以限购令的出台,便引起社会的激烈讨论,社会评价褒贬不一。有的拍手称好,给久病不愈的房地产市场下了一剂猛药。有的认为房屋限购令的合法性有待商榷,与依法行政原则、行政比例原则相冲突,也不是遵循应急性原则而作出。因此,从法律的角度对房屋限购令的合法性进行分析和研究,在倡导法治社会建设的今天,对于保障公民住房的合法权益显得尤为必要。全文从房屋限购令出台的背景、性质、特征、法理基础、行政合法性分析、行政合理性分析以及完善建议等几个方面对房屋限购令进行了系统性的论述。文章的第一部分,主要是对房屋限购令的概述。从房屋限购令出台的背景、抽象行政行为性质、特征等方面对房屋限购令加以论述,陈述房屋限购令出台的背景及法律基础。文章的第二部分,主要陈述房屋限购令的法理基础,阐述了房屋限购令的法哲学、宪法基础。分别从法哲学、宪法学的角度论述房屋限购令存在的法理基础,是国家经济职能观念强化的表现,同时也是宪法赋予国家宏观调控权的表现形式。文章的第三部分,从房屋限购令在短期内可以肃清房产秩序,迅速降温房价,到长期可以维护房地产市场的稳定发展两个方面指出我国目前房地产市场的情况需要房屋限购令来调控。另外从房屋限购令能够有效引导、调控我国房价来分析其作用,并对其现实合理性加以论述。文章的第四部分,从行政法的角度对房屋限购令的合法性进行评析,从依法行政原则、行政比例原则等方面指出房屋限购令存在的不足,同时房屋限购令也不是遵循应急性原则的作出。进一步论述了其与行政立法原则相冲突的地方,为完善房屋限购令奠定了理论基础。文章的第五部分,主要在第四部分的基础上,提出完善房屋限购令的一些建议。房屋限购令法治化是当今我国完善房屋限购令一条好的出路,也是行政法治的必然要求,要把房地产市场一步步法治化。房屋限购令的具体完善途径主要从完善行政规范性文件的制定程序,以及加强立法、行政、司法三个方面的监督机制,才能达到对房地产市场调控的最佳效果。如此之举不仅能够很好的稳定房价,还能更好的促进房地产市场的健康发展。最后提出了房屋限购令的退出机制,由于房屋限购令是一项国家的宏观调控措施,对房价的调整也只能是临时性。在适当的时期,当房价长期趋于稳定,或者国家找到一条更好的调整房价的途径以后,其注定要退出历史舞台。笔者认为,对于房屋限购令这种行政调控手段,既不能一棒子打死,也不能任意放纵。要通过建立一系列有效的法律机制,规范房屋限购令。这也是本文的重点以及创新之处。论文前期研究准备中,笔者查阅相关房屋限购令的资料,主要采用了历史唯物主义的哲学方法论、文献查阅法、文献分析法等研究方法来研读、探析我国房屋限购令。
[Abstract]:The housing problem is always a big problem for our country. The prices are beneficial to the people's livelihood, and "housing", "housing difficult" has become an important issue of common concern to the people. In order to control the rapid rise of prices, to achieve the "home ownership housing goals". In recent years, the government of our country a number of regulation on the real estate market. In eighteen big reports of the party put forward clearly, the housing security system to establish a government guarantee and market allocation of the combination, namely the "double track". Led by the government, the operators of the real estate market participation, together with the construction of affordable housing, accelerate the construction of affordable housing, to solve the old the people of the housing problem.
In the state of the real estate market regulation policy, the purchase of housing that is always the most core national price regulation policy. In March 5, 2014, Premier Li Keqiang at the national NPC and CPPCC in the government work report, once again referred to the people of our country to solve the "housing difficult" problem, this is enough to highlight the national pressure is not the normal price, to cool the real estate market, safeguard the firm determination of the people's livelihood.
From the "country of eleven", "ten", "eight" and "five new country", housing purchase order requires more and more strict, the purchase conditions are increasingly demanding. The restriction that relates to a wide range, touched the interests of society so the relatively large. The purchase order issued, it caused intense discussion of the society, the society mixed reviews. Some applaud, to the long illness of the real estate market a agents. Some believe that the purchase of housing legitimacy to questionable, and the principles of administrative law, the administrative conflict with the principle of proportionality, nor follow the principle of emergency and made. Therefore, the analysis and Research on the legitimacy of the housing purchase order from a legal perspective, in promoting the construction of the rule of law today, for the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of citizens housing is particularly necessary.
From the background, nature, characteristics, jurisprudence basis, administrative legitimacy analysis, administrative rationality analysis and suggestions for improvement, the paper makes a systematic discussion on the housing restriction order.
The first part of the article is an overview of the housing restriction order. From the background of the introduction of the housing restriction order, the nature and characteristics of the abstract administrative act, the paper discusses the housing purchase order, and states the background and legal basis of the housing restriction order.
The second part of the article, mainly stated the purchase of housing to the legal basis, elaborated the housing restriction that the philosophy of law, constitutional basis. From the philosophy of law, constitutional law and discusses the legal basis of the existence of the purchase of housing, is the national economic function concept to strengthen performance, form and constitutional state the macro-control power.
The third part of the article, from the housing purchase restrictions in the short term can eliminate property order, rapid cooling of prices, to the real estate market to maintain long-term stable development of two aspects pointed out that China's current real estate market situation in need of housing purchase restrictions. In addition to the regulation from the housing purchase restrictions can effectively guide the analysis the role of price regulation in China, and discusses the rationality of the reality.
The fourth part of the article, the comment on the purchase of housing legal order from the perspective of administrative law, from the principles of administrative law, administrative proportion principle that the purchase of housing shortages that exist at the same time, the purchase of housing is not to follow the principle of acute should make the further. With the principle of administrative legislation places of the conflict, in order to improve the housing purchase restrictions laid a theoretical foundation.
The fifth part of the article, mainly on the basis of the fourth part, put forward some suggestions to improve the purchase of housing. The housing purchase restrictions is the rule of law in China to improve the housing purchase restrictions in a good way, but also the inevitable requirement of administrative law, the real estate market step by step and rule of law.
The purchase of housing for specific measures to perfect the development process from the main administrative normative documents, and strengthen the legislative, administrative and judicial supervision mechanism in three aspects, in order to achieve the best effect of the regulation of the real estate market. So it can not only stabilize prices good, can better promote the healthy development of the real estate market finally, the purchase of housing. The exit mechanism, because the purchase order is a national macro-control measures, the price adjustment is only temporary. At the appropriate time, when the long-term stable prices, or the national way to find a better price adjustment, it is destined to exit the stage of history.
The author believes that for the administrative control means of housing purchase restriction, we can neither kill a single stick or arbitrarily indulge in it. We need to establish a series of effective legal mechanisms to regulate the purchase restriction order. This is also the focus and innovation of this paper.
In the preliminary research preparation, I consulted the relevant housing restriction orders, mainly using historical materialism philosophy methodology, literature review method, literature analysis method and other research methods to explore the restriction of housing purchase in China.

【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.29

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