论我国转基因食品法律规制的完善

发布时间：2018-03-29 15:25

本文选题：转基因食品　切入点：法律规制　出处：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：转基因食品从诞生的第一天起,就备受争议,一方面转基因食品确实有着传统食品所不具备的优势,譬如粮食的增产、减少农药的使用、增加食品的营养价值、使食品具有具有某种特定的功能或者外形等,另一方面转基因食品的安全性仍然存疑,虽然目前还没有转基因食品不宜人类食用的直接证据,但是实验中的仓鼠食用转基因大豆后内脏和免疫系统受到损害,这一这一实验结果就足以引起消费者的恐慌。当今世界环境问题突出,粮食危机也日益加剧,人们对食品功能要求也越来越高,不得不承认转基因食品的出现给社会带来了福音,转基因食品的发展已经成为了一种不可逆的趋势。所以政府和学者们应更多在意的是如何提高转基因技术的水平,同时管理好转基因食品的安全,将转基因食品的发展纳入法制化轨道,尽量减少甚至避免转基因食品可能出现的一切风险。转基因食品的客观存在使我们无法回避的,其作为一种新生事物的发展之路必定是曲折的,我们需要正确看待转基因食品,正视转基因食品带来的利与弊。本文主要的写作目的就是要正确把握转基因食品发展的国际趋势,深入了解我国国情,借鉴域外先进性的经验,认清我国法律规制的漏洞,在此基础上提出切实可行的完善转基因食品法律规制的建议,有效的防范风险,创造良好的转基因食品市场氛围,建立消费者信心,让中国转基因食品技术发展的同时带动国际贸易的稳步增长。文章除前言和结语外,共分为四个部分：第一部分是概述,首先阐述了了转基因食品的概念和转基因食品存在存在风险,介绍了我国转基因食品发展现状；其次从控制转基因食品潜在的环境风险、食用安全风险及消费者权利保护角度论述了规制的必要性,另外法律手段的固有优势使法律规制成为转基因食品风险控制的必然选择。第二部分是关于域外转基因食品法律规制的分析,笔者从法律规制理念,立法规制、执法手段及监管措施几个方面分析了欧盟、美国、日本的规制现状。第三部分是我国转基因食品法律规制的现状分析,笔者从法律规制理念、立法、执法和监管几个角度阐述了我国法律规制的现状,并在此基础上剖析了我国法律规制存在的不足,主要包括规制理念不清晰,立法不全面,法律位阶低,执法部门混乱,政府配套保护生态环境、食用安全和消费者权利的规制措施不完善等。第四部分是完善我国转基因食品法律规制的建议,笔者在借鉴国外经验,结合我国国情的基础上提出的建议包括：“谨慎”的安全理念,更加权威和细化的立法,构建中央垂直和地方相结合的监管机构(笔者用图形展示了具体机构的设置),从环境保护、食用安全、消费者权益保护的三个角度细化执法部门和监管机构的职责等。
[Abstract]:From the first day of its birth, genetically modified foods have been controversial. On the one hand, genetically modified foods do have advantages that traditional foods do not have, such as increasing grain production, reducing the use of pesticides, and increasing the nutritional value of food. Food has a certain function or shape. On the other hand, the safety of genetically modified food is still doubtful, although there is no direct evidence that GM food is not suitable for human consumption. But the hamster's gut and immune system were damaged after eating genetically modified soybeans, which is enough to cause panic among consumers. The world's environmental problems are acute and the food crisis is worsening. People also have higher and higher demands on the function of food, and they have to admit that the emergence of genetically modified foods has brought good news to society. The development of genetically modified foods has become an irreversible trend. So the government and scholars should pay more attention to how to improve the level of GM technology, while managing the safety of GM food. Bring the development of genetically modified food into the legal orbit, minimize or even avoid all possible risks of genetically modified food. The objective existence of genetically modified food makes us unable to avoid it. Its development as a new thing must be tortuous, we need to look at genetically modified food, The main purpose of this paper is to correctly grasp the international trend of GM food development, deeply understand the national conditions of our country, draw lessons from the experience of foreign advanced nature, and recognize the loopholes of legal regulation in our country. On this basis, the author puts forward some feasible suggestions to improve the legal regulation of GM food, effectively guard against risks, create a good atmosphere of GM food market, and establish consumer confidence. In addition to the foreword and conclusion, the article is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview. In this paper, the concept of genetically modified food (GMF) and the risk of GMF are introduced, and the development status of GMF in China is introduced, and the potential environmental risk of GMF is controlled. The necessity of regulation is discussed from the point of view of food safety risk and consumer rights protection. In addition, the inherent advantages of legal means make legal regulation become an inevitable choice for risk control of genetically modified foods. The third part is the analysis of the current situation of the legal regulation of genetically modified food in China, the author from the concept of legal regulation, legislation, This paper expounds the current situation of our country's legal regulation from several angles of law enforcement and supervision, and on this basis analyzes the shortcomings of our country's legal regulation, including the unclear concept of regulation, incomplete legislation, low legal rank and confusion of law enforcement departments. The fourth part is the suggestion of perfecting the legal regulation of genetically modified food in our country, the author is drawing on the experience of foreign countries. Suggestions based on China's national conditions include a "cautious" security concept, more authoritative and detailed legislation, The author uses the graph to show the setting up of the specific organization and the responsibility of the law enforcement department and the supervision agency from the three angles of environmental protection, food safety and consumer rights protection.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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