集体土地所有权归属主体的实践样态与规范解释

发布时间：2018-04-03 02:05

本文选题：特别法人　切入点：集体土地所有权　出处：《中国农村观察》2017年06期

【摘要】：集体土地所有权归属主体的理论研究与地方实践,存在将农民集体、农村集体经济组织、村民委员会三者等同混用的情形,其根源在于对农民集体的集体土地所有权主体地位认识不到位。农村集体经济组织与农民集体的主体混同,既是政策和法律变迁中本土概念与现代产权话语脱节的历史产物,又是解决农民集体无法独立行使所有权的无奈选择。但是,将二者等同为集体土地所有权主体并进行法人化改造的探索,存在集体土地所有权作为法人责任财产被转让的风险。如果禁止集体土地所有权成为法人的责任财产,则会违反法人以其全部财产对外承担责任的《公司法》规定。因此,农民集体是集体土地所有权的唯一主体,不宜直接进行法人化改造。农村集体经济组织是代表农民集体行使所有权的主体,不能被认定为集体土地所有权的归属主体,但作为特别法人可基于独立经营对外代表农民集体行使集体所有权。
[Abstract]:The theoretical study and local practice of the ownership of collective land exist in the situation that farmers' collectives, rural collective economic organizations and villagers' committees are all used in the same way.The root of this problem lies in the lack of understanding of the collective land ownership of farmers.The mixture of rural collective economic organizations and peasant collectives is not only a historical product of the disconnection between local concepts and modern property rights discourse in the changes of policies and laws, but also a helpless choice to solve the problem of peasants' collective being unable to exercise their ownership independently.However, there exists the risk of collective land ownership being transferred as the property of legal person, which is the same as the subject of collective land ownership and the reform of legalization.If collective land ownership is prohibited from becoming the responsible property of legal persons, it will violate the provisions of the Company Law on the liability of legal persons with all their property.Therefore, the peasant collective is the only main body of collective land ownership, and it is not suitable to carry out legal reform directly.Rural collective economic organization is the main body of collective ownership on behalf of farmers, which can not be considered as the subject of collective land ownership, but as a special law person can exercise collective ownership on behalf of farmers based on independent management.
【作者单位】：重庆大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“农村土地股份制改革的理论探索与制度设计”(项目号:13JZD007) 重庆市研究生科研创新项目“‘三权分置’政策背景下农村土地经营权流转法制构造研究”(项目号:CYB16050)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.32;D923.2

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