行政法上合法预期保护原则之研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 00:04

本文选题：合法预期 + 可行性　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国政府当前正处于转型时期，建设服务型政府已经成为社会各界的共识，因此，如何更加合理的简政放权，控制政府手里的权力成为一个具有现实意义的课题。当下，政府改变自己先前已经作出的行政行为或者因客观情况变更行政规范性法律文件的情况时有发生，在此种情况下，如何面对未变更之前相对人对旧有的法律秩序的信任，以及因此种信任而采取的行动给相对人因信赖先前行政行为却遭受不可预见的不利损害后果成为我国法律制度建设所不能回避的问题。这一问题的实质在于，行政机关可能出于情势变更或者公共利益的需要，为了提高行政效率以便尽快的达到目的，但是法律又应当照顾到受潜在威胁的相对人的信赖；行政机关应当如何合法的变更行政行为，其变更行为的界限又当如何界定。合法预期保护原则的出现正有效的解决了这一问题，它体现的是合法预期保护原则与容忍行政行为变更之间一个大致公平的权衡问题。需要指出的是，从比较法的角度来看，德国法上的信赖保护概念与英国法上的合法预期保护原则大体相当，但是两者适用的范围与内涵不完全一样，但都存在着信赖保护的观念，两者之间并不是简单替代关系，而是有着千丝万缕的联系。因此，在本文中，我们研究合法预期并不是要简单的替换信赖保护，而是尽可能的弥补我国信赖保护的不足，把合法预期的有益制度纳入到信赖保护之中。本文将分四部分对合法预期保护原则的相关问题进行研究。第一部分，主要介绍合法预期保护原则的基本理论。鉴于合法预期理论在我国的学界研究的不够深入，但对起源于德国的信赖保护原则研究较多，因此第一节里简单介绍德国的信赖保护的起源后，进而对在英国、欧盟法上发展的比较成熟的合法预期进行介绍，希望能够对我国吸纳合法预期的有益制度给予有益的借鉴；在研究域外法关于合法预期保护原则的基础上，结合我国学界相关研究，第二节将简要的提出合法预期的内涵；在第三节里，本文探讨了为什么要保护合法预期的几点理由，包括基于信赖保护的要求，基于法治的确定性、可预测性以及公平对待的要求，基于良好行政的要求，基于经济效率的要求；最后，在上述研究的基础上，我们初步地给出合法预期保护的构成要件。第二部分，，论述合法预期保护原则相关制度在我国引进的可行性。主要从以下两个方面进行论述：首先辨析清楚行政法上的信赖利益和预期利益，而后进一步探讨合法预期和信赖保护的关系，同时指出我国信赖保护原则的不足之处，分析我国引入合法预期保护原则相关理论的优越性；然后从合法预期的语义和实践两个方面论述我国合法预期保护原则引进的必要性。第三部分和第四部分都是本文论述的重点章节。第三部分主要探讨合法预期的程序性保护。在这一部分，我们论述的是在我国信赖保护中所缺失的程序保护，首先提出合法预期的程序性保护产生的两种情景，随后从合法预期对立法过程、行政变更裁量过程和司法审查过程中的程序制约能力来探讨合法预期的程序性保护在我国的落实与改造，最后提出了重新解构滥用职权的司法审查标准。第四部分主要介绍的是合法预期的实体性保护。为了更好的契合我国的信赖保护原则，本部分研究了合法预期中存在的存续保护和补偿（赔偿）保护两种保护方式，也就是完整实体保护和损害补偿保护。在内容上，也是先提出合法预期实体保护的情景；随后重点从完整实体保护条款、过渡条款和损害补偿条款三种不同实体保护的方式论述合法预期的实体性保护在我国的落实与改造。
[Abstract]:The government is now in the transition period , and the construction service - oriented government has become the consensus of all circles of society . Therefore , how to make a more rational and simple decentralization and control the government ' s power become a realistic topic . In this case , how to face the trust of the previous administrative act or change the administrative normative legal document by the objective circumstances , in which case , how to face the former relative person ' s trust in the old legal order , and thus the trust and the action that the opposite person has suffered from the unpredictable adverse effect of the previous administrative act has become the question that the construction of the legal system of our country cannot avoid .

The essence of this problem is that the administrative organ may , for reasons of change of circumstances or the needs of public interest , to improve the administrative efficiency so as to achieve the purpose as soon as possible , but the law should also take care of the relative reliance of the potential threat ;
How the administrative organ should legally change the administrative behavior and how to define the limits of its change behavior is how to define it . The emergence of the lawful expectation protection principle is effectively solved the problem , which embodies a generally fair trade - off between the principle of legal expectation protection and the change of tolerance administrative behavior .

It needs to be pointed out that , from the perspective of comparative law , the concept of trust protection in German law is equivalent to the principle of legal expectation protection in English law , but the scope and connotation of both are different , but there is a relationship between trust and protection .

In this paper , we will study the relevant problems of the principle of legal expectation protection in four parts .

The first part mainly introduces the basic theory of the principle of legal expectation protection . In view of the fact that the theory of legitimate expectation is not enough in China ' s academic field , the research on the principle of trust protection originated in Germany is much more , so the first section briefly introduces the origin of Germany ' s reliance protection , and then introduces the relatively mature legitimate expectation of development in the UK and EU law , and hopes that it can provide beneficial reference for the beneficial system of legal expectation in China .
On the basis of the study of the principle of the protection of the legality of the extraterritorial law , the article gives a brief introduction to the connotation of legal expectation in combination with the relevant research in China ' s academic field ;
In the third section , this paper discusses why to protect the legitimate expectations , including the requirement of trust protection , the certainty , predictability and fair treatment of the rule of law , based on the requirement of good administration , and based on the requirements of economic efficiency ;
Finally , on the basis of the above research , we preliminarily give the constitutive requirements of the legal expectation protection .

The second part discusses the feasibility of introducing the relevant system of legal expectation protection principle in our country . Firstly , it discusses the relationship between the trust interests and the pre - profit in the clear administrative law , then further discusses the relationship between legal expectation and trust protection . At the same time , it points out the deficiency of the principle of trust protection in our country , and analyses the superiority of the theory related to the introduction of the principle of legal expectation protection in our country ;
Then it discusses the necessity of introducing the principle of legal expectation protection in our country from two aspects : the semantics and practice of legal expectation .

The third part and the fourth part are the key chapters discussed in this paper . The third part mainly discusses the procedural protection of legal expectations . In this part , we discuss the procedural protection which is missing in the protection of trust in our country . First , we put forward two scenarios which are generated by the procedural protection of legitimate expectations . Then , we discuss the implementation and transformation of the legally expected procedural protection in our country from the legal expectation , and finally put forward the judicial review standard for re - destructing abuse of authority .

The fourth part mainly introduces the substantive protection of legal expectation . In order to better fit the principle of trust protection in our country , this part studies the existence of protection and compensation ( compensation ) in the legal expectation , which is the protection and compensation protection of the whole entity .
Then focus on the realization and transformation of the legal expectation of substantive protection in our country from the protection terms of the whole entity , the transitional clause and the compensation clause .

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】