质疑“行政处罚决定不能成立”——以我国《行政处罚法》第41条为分析对象

发布时间：2018-04-19 10:02

本文选题：行政处罚 + 行政行为　；参考：《政治与法律》2017年02期

【摘要】：我国《行政处罚法》第41条关于"行政处罚决定不能成立"的规定,混淆了行政行为成立要件与合法要件、不成立与无效之间的区别,会导致相对人丧失诉权、信赖利益难以实现、行政成本"零回报"等负面效果,且在司法实践中已经造成许多案件对不成立、违法、无效等法律定性,以及驳回起诉、确认违法或者无效等裁判方式选择上判断错误、标准不一。建议将"行政处罚决定不能成立"修改为"行政处罚决定无效",而且鉴于我国《行政处罚法》第3条已经对行政处罚无效作了规定,应将该法第41条并入该法第3条,作为无效一般标准之"重大且明显违法"项下的具体情形。同时,对我国相关行政诉讼制度设计也应作相应调整。
[Abstract]:Article 41 of our country's Administrative punishment Law provides that "the decision of administrative punishment cannot be established", which confuses the elements of establishment of administrative act and the requirement of legality, and the difference between non-establishment and invalidation will lead to the loss of the right of action of the relative person.Trust interest is difficult to realize, administrative cost "zero return" and other negative effects, and in judicial practice has resulted in many cases of non-establishment, illegal, invalid and other legal characterization, as well as the dismissal of the prosecution,There are different standards in the choice of judgment methods such as confirming violation of law or invalidation.It is suggested that the term "administrative penalty decision cannot be established" should be amended to "invalid administrative penalty decision", and in view of the fact that article 3 of our country's Administrative punishment Law already provides for the invalidity of administrative penalty, article 41 of this law should be incorporated into article 3 of the law.Specific circumstances under "material and manifestly illegal" as an invalid general standard.At the same time, the relevant administrative litigation system design should be adjusted accordingly.
【作者单位】：山东大学法学院;
【基金】：山东省社科规划重点研究项目“具体行政行为跨程序拘束规则研究”(项目编号:13BFXJ02)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.11

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