异质人工授精法律问题探析

发布时间：2018-04-27 19:48

本文选题：人工授精 + 异质人工授精　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自异质人工授精技术在我国应用以来,在相当长的一段时间内没有相应的法律规范相关的问题,我国卫生部直到2001年末才相继颁布《辅助生殖技术管理办法》、《人类精子库管理办法》两个规范性文件用于指导异质人工授精的运作,而涉及异质人工授精亲子关系的相关法律问题却一直没有相应的法律规定,实践中作为法院判决依据沿用的是最高人民法院1991年的《最高人民法院关于夫妻离婚后人工授精所生子女的法律地位如何确定的复函》(以下简称《复函》)。但异质人工授精引发了许多社会乃至法律难题,单纯依赖《复函》已经明显不能适应现实需要。尤其是对异质人工授精引发的法律问题,该如何处理是立法亟待面对的问题。本文就异质人工授精引发的一个案例作为切入点,力求为解决相关系列问题给出自己的法律建议。论文大体上分为引言、正文与结语三大部分,主要内容如下:引言部分初步介绍了规范异质人工授精的相关法律以及带来的法律问题。第一章异质人工授精概述。首先,介绍异质人工授精的相关概念;其次,分析了异质人工授精的价值冲突。第二章异质人工授精中的法律问题。主要是异质人工授精对传统亲子关系的影响以及我国的立法现状与缺陷等问题。第三章域外异质人工授精比较法研究。本章纳入比较法研究的既包括以美国、英国和香港特区为代表的英美法系国家与地区,还包括以德国、瑞典以及中国台湾地区为代表的大陆法系国家。总结了上述国家和地区在异质人工授精立法上的优势与劣势。第四章是完善我国异质人工授精立法的构想,也是论文最重要的部分。它尝试在借鉴上述域外经验与我国实践的基础上,确立未成年子女利益最优原则,规范父亲的确定规则,允许丈夫有条件提起否认之诉。赋予异质人工授精子女独立的法律地位,并且限制亲子鉴定在异质人工授精中的使用。
[Abstract]:Since the application of artificial insemination technology in China, there has been no relevant legal norms related to a considerable period of time. The Ministry of health of China has not promulgated the management methods of auxiliary reproductive technology until the end of 2001, and the management method of human sperm bank is used to guide the operation of hetero artificial insemination by two parts. The relevant legal issues related to the parent-child relationship of hetero artificial insemination have no corresponding legal provisions. In practice, the legal status of the Supreme People's Court on the basis of the Supreme People's court in 1991 is the reply of the Supreme People's Court on how the legal status of the legal status of the children born by artificial insemination after the divorce of husband and wife (hereinafter referred to as the reply to the reply). Artificial insemination has caused many social and legal problems, and simply relying on "reply" has obviously failed to adapt to the actual needs. Especially, how to deal with the legal problems caused by heterogeneous artificial insemination is an urgent problem to be dealt with. In this paper, a case initiated by heterogeneous artificial insemination is taken as a breakthrough point to solve the related series. The question gives its own legal advice. The thesis is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The main contents are as follows: in the introduction, the relevant laws and legal problems are introduced. The first chapter is a summary of the heterogeneous artificial insemination. First, introduce the related concepts of heterogeneous artificial insemination; secondly, analyze the related concepts of artificial insemination. The value conflict of heterogeneous artificial insemination. In the second chapter, the legal problems in the heterogeneous artificial insemination are mainly related to the influence of the heterogeneous artificial insemination on the traditional parent-child relationship and the status and defects of our country's legislation. The third chapter of the comparative study of the foreign insemination in foreign countries. This chapter includes the United States, the United Kingdom and the Hong Kong The special economic zone, represented by the Anglo American law countries and regions, and the continental law countries represented by Germany, Sweden and the Taiwan region of China, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the above-mentioned countries and regions in the legislation of heterogeneous artificial insemination. The fourth chapter is the concept of improving China's heterogeneous artificial insemination and the most important part of the thesis. On the basis of these foreign experiences and our country's practice, we try to establish the principle of the best interests of the minor children, standardize the rules of the father's determination, allow the husband to bring the disregard of the complaint, give the independent legal status of the children of the heterogeneous artificial insemination, and limit the use of the paternity test in the heterogeneous artificial insemination.

【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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