论行政处罚自由裁量权的内部控制

发布时间：2018-04-28 18:35

本文选题：行政处罚自由裁量权 + 内部控制　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：行政处罚自由裁量权是现代行政管理的重要组成部分,被广泛适用于行政机关处理行政案件的过程中,是政府践行法律要求、维护社会秩序、完成执政规划等不可或缺的重要手段。但行政处罚自由裁量权在发挥作用的同时,也赋予了行政机关更大的权力空间。因而行政权存在被过分使用、牟取私利损害相对方合法权益的可能。因此,如何更加科学合理的对行政处罚自由裁量权加以限制,对权力边界进行界定、对权力进行有效制约,已经成为摆在我们面前亟待解决的问题。在以往的法学理论研究中,解决问题的思路往往是保护弱势一方即行政相对方的权益,而对行政机关加以单方面的外部性的制约。如何在立法层面对行政处罚自由裁量权加以限制,在司法层面对行政处罚自由裁量权加以制约一直都是学界关注的重点。但是,外部控制机制具有一定的局限性。仅从外部性的角度来探讨对行政处罚自由裁量的限制是不全面的,外部控制起到的多是指引和事后补救的作用,而无法起到实时调控的作用。本文首先阐述了从立法权以及司法权等外部层面对行政处罚自由裁量权加以限制的局限性。其次,对行政处罚自由裁量权采取内部控制所具有的优势以及该制度确立的可行性进行思考和论述。最后,对内控控制机制的建构提出了自己的建议。适当的内部调控方式不但可以提高行政权运转的效率,保证行政执法活动的合理开展,理论上还能优化外部控制的机制效能。只有将外部控制和内部控制相结合,才能保证行政处罚自由裁量权应用的合理性,减少其侵害行政处罚相对方合法利益的可能。本文着重阐述了如何实现行政处罚自由裁量权的内部控制:首先,应当明确行政处罚自由裁量权的基准,对其进行合理规制。其次,逐步建立行政处罚案件指引制度,总结以往行政处罚的典型案例来指导今后行政案件的审理,进一步保证行政机关在履行行政处罚职能时对于行政处罚自由裁量权的合理使用。最后,逐步建立报告检查制度、备案制度、评估制度、自我纠错制度、内部责任追究制度,构建完整的行政处罚自由裁量权内部控制体系。保证行政处罚自由裁量权既得到充分使用,又受到适当的限制。既保障其灵活性和变通性,又避免其遭到无限制的滥用,以便其更加公平有效的发挥自己的作用。
[Abstract]:The discretion of administrative punishment is an important part of modern administration. It is widely used in the process of administrative organs handling administrative cases. It is also the practice of legal requirements by the government and the maintenance of social order. To complete the ruling planning and other indispensable important means. However, the discretion of administrative punishment gives more power space to the administrative organs while exerting its function. As a result, the existence of administrative power is used excessively, and the possibility of making private profits and harming the legitimate rights and interests of the relative party. Therefore, how to limit the discretion of administrative punishment more scientifically and reasonably, to define the power boundary and to restrict the power effectively, has become an urgent problem in front of us. In the past research on the theory of law, the idea of solving the problem is to protect the rights and interests of the weak party, that is, the relative party of administration, and to restrict the administrative organ by unilateral externality. How to restrict the discretion of administrative punishment at the legislative level and the discretion of administrative punishment at the judicial level has always been the focus of academic attention. However, the external control mechanism has some limitations. It is not comprehensive to discuss the limitation of administrative penalty discretion only from the angle of externality, and the external control plays the role of guidance and remedy after the event, but can not play the role of real time regulation and control. Firstly, this paper expounds the limitation of the discretion of administrative punishment from the aspects of legislative power and judicial power. Secondly, the author thinks and discusses the advantages of the internal control and the feasibility of establishing the system. Finally, some suggestions on the construction of internal control mechanism are put forward. Proper internal regulation and control can not only improve the efficiency of the operation of administrative power and ensure the rational development of administrative law enforcement activities, but also optimize the efficiency of external control mechanism in theory. Only the combination of external control and internal control can guarantee the rationality of the application of the discretion of administrative punishment and reduce the possibility of infringing on the legitimate interests of the relative party of administrative punishment. This paper focuses on how to realize the internal control of the discretion of administrative punishment: first of all, we should make clear the benchmark of the discretion of administrative punishment and regulate it reasonably. Secondly, we should gradually establish the system of administrative punishment case guidance, sum up the typical cases of administrative punishment in the past to guide the future administrative cases. To further ensure that the administrative authorities in the performance of administrative punishment of the discretion of the rational use of administrative punishment. Finally, the report inspection system, the record system, the evaluation system, the self-correction system, the internal responsibility investigation system and the complete internal control system of administrative punishment discretion should be established step by step. To ensure that the discretion of administrative punishment is fully used, but also subject to appropriate restrictions. It not only guarantees its flexibility and flexibility, but also avoids its unlimited abuse, so that it can play its role more fairly and effectively.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

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