中国民间环保组织参与社会治理法治化研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 00:03

本文选题：法治社会 + 民间环保组织　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在法治国家、法治政府、法治社会一体建设的大背景下,治理理论的兴起、中国民间组织的蓬勃发展为民间环保组织参与社会治理提供了时代发展的背景。近年来,中国民间环保组织不断发展,广泛的参与环境领域的社会治理,通过环境宣传和环境法律宣传不断增强公众环保意识和环境法律意识,行使立法建议权、参与政府环境决策以有效制约和监督国家环境立法权、环境行政权,通过监督、检举、控告环境违法行为协助环保相关法律法规实施,提供环境公共服务,实现参与环境治理的多元化。但是中国民间环保组织在法治社会建设的时代背景下,也面临着一系列参与社会治理困境,民间环保组织内部的自治规则不健全、自身自治能力较弱,外部法律规范注重管理而忽视民间环保组织的发展,存在立法层级较低、缺少统一的民间组织法、立法重管理而轻民间组织自治权保障、监管制度重事前审批而轻事后监管的问题,而中国民间环保组织外部发展环境也存在地方政府唯经济论思维方式尚未转变、公众对民间环保组织的认同感较差的难题。中国民间环保组织法治化转型是当今法治社会建设的大势所趋,其能克服现有困境和难题,充分激发民间环保组织的活力,有效弥补政府在环境事务管理方面的低效和失灵,通过稳定的、科学的制度保障民间环保组织的自治权,实现环境领域的社会自治。而中国民间环保组织参与社会治理法治化建构,第一是要从权力配置、组织建构和运行机制方面健全中国民间环保组织的内部自治规则,在决策、执行和监督方面要提高民间环保组织自治能力,充分建立和发挥民间环保组织的内部民主机制,加强理事会和常务理事会的作用,在运行机制方面,细化内部财务管理制度、引入第三方评估机制,以避免内部权力寻租和滥用民间环保组织环境事务管理权的发生。第二是要不断完善外部法律规范,提高现有规范的法律层级、制定统一的民间组织法,立法要废除民间环保组织的双重登记管理制度、明确竞争原则,建立事前、事中、事后的全方位监管体系,健全民间环保组织的责任承担体系,使得监管制度与责任制度并行,将纸面上的监管落到实处。第三是要加强中国民间环保组织与政府环境事务的共治,政府要牢固树立法治思维方式、破除传统的地方保护主义和唯经济论思维方式,履行好环境管理和保护的责任,严格监管民间环保组织参与社会治理的行为,尽到监管的责任。第四是要强化民间环保组织法治实践的参与度,民间环保组织积极参与环境公益诉讼,协助环境法律的实施,司法通过司法审查保护民间环保组织的自治权并监督其环境公益服务情况,使得民间环保组织参与社会治理的法律和规则与法治实践保持一贯。第五是要提升中国民间环保组织参与社会治理的民间认同,民间环保组织要严格遵守相关法律法规,政府部门也要践行法律规则,司法机关公正司法充分保障民间环保组织的社会自治权,民间环保组织参与社会治理的效果被逐渐肯定,以不断树立环境法律规范及民间组织法等的权威,使得民间环保组织参与社会治理被民间认同。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the rule of law, the rule of law, the rule of law and the construction of the rule of law society, the rise of governance theory and the vigorous development of Chinese folk organizations have provided the background of the times development for the private environmental organizations to participate in social governance. In recent years, the Chinese folk environmental organizations have been developing continuously, widely participating in the social governance in the environmental field, and through the environmental publicity. The publicity and environmental legal propaganda constantly strengthens the public awareness of environmental protection and environmental legal awareness, exercises legislative proposals, participates in the government's environmental decision-making, effectively restricts and monitors the state's environmental legislative power, environmental administrative power, through supervision, prosecution, and prosecution of environmental violations to assist environmental protection in the implementation of laws and regulations, to provide environmental public services, and to realize the participation of the public services and the realization of the participation of the participation of the government. However, under the background of the construction of the rule of law, the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations are faced with a series of difficulties in the social governance, the self-government rules within the civil environmental organizations are not perfect, their self autonomy is weak, and the external legal norms pay attention to the management and ignore the development of the folk environmental protection organizations. Low level, lack of unified civil organization law, legislative heavy management and light civil organization autonomy guarantee, supervision system to examine and approve before incident light after the supervision, but the external development environment of Chinese civil environmental protection organization also has the local government only economic thinking mode has not changed, the public has a poor sense of identity to the private environmental protection organizations. The transformation of the rule of law of Chinese folk environmental protection organizations is the general trend of the social construction of the rule of law today. It can overcome the existing difficulties and problems, fully stimulate the vitality of the private environmental protection organizations, effectively make up for the inefficient and failure of the government in the management of environmental affairs, and ensure the autonomy of the civil environmental organizations through a stable and scientific system. The social autonomy in the field of environment, while the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations participate in the construction of the rule of law in social governance, the first is to improve the internal autonomy rules of the Chinese civil environmental organizations from the power allocation, organizational construction and operation mechanism, and to improve the autonomy of the civil environmental protection organizations in decision-making, implementation and supervision. The internal democratic mechanism of the private environmental protection organization strengthens the role of the Council and the Standing Council, refine the internal financial management system and introduce the third party evaluation mechanism in the operation mechanism, so as to avoid the internal power rent-seeking and the abuse of the environmental affairs management rights of the private environmental protection organizations. Second is to improve the external legal norms and improve the external legal norms. The legal level of the existing norms, the formulation of a unified civil organization law, the legislation to abolish the dual registration management system of the civil environmental protection organizations, clear the principle of competition, establish a comprehensive supervision system in advance, in the event, after the event, to improve the responsibility system of the civil environmental protection organizations, to make the supervision system and the responsibility system parallel, and to supervise the paper. The third is to strengthen the common governance of the Chinese folk environmental protection organizations and the government's environmental affairs. The government should firmly establish the thinking mode of the rule of law, break the traditional local protectionism and economic thinking mode, fulfill the responsibility of environmental management and protection, strictly supervise the behavior of the private environmental protection organizations to participate in the social governance, and do the supervision as much as possible. The fourth is to strengthen the participation degree of the practice of the rule of law of the civil environmental protection organizations. The civil environmental organizations actively participate in the environmental public interest litigation, assist the implementation of the environmental law. The judicial review protects the autonomy of the civil environmental organizations through judicial review and supervises the situation of its environmental public service, so that the private environmental protection organizations participate in the law of social governance and the law of social governance. The rule is consistent with the practice of the rule of law. Fifth is to promote the folk identity of the Chinese folk environmental organizations to participate in the social governance. The civil environmental organizations should strictly abide by the relevant laws and regulations, the government departments should also practice the legal rules, the judiciary justice fully safeguards the social autonomy of the civil environmental organizations, and the private environmental protection organizations participate in the society. The effect of the governance is gradually affirmed, in order to establish the authority of the legal norms of the environment and the law of the civil organization, which makes the civil environmental organizations participate in the social governance by the folk identity.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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