一事不二罚原则在中国法制中的贯彻和落实以行政责任与刑事责任的交接和厘清谈起

发布时间：2018-05-20 06:07

本文选题：一事不二罚 + 行政责任　；参考：《中国社会科学院研究生院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：一事不二罚原则，是行政执法的重要原则之一。也是实务界、学界讨论研究的热点问题。目前，行政执法的合法性程度相较其他部门法偏低，一方面因为理论研究对立法实践、执法实践的贡献不足，另一方面行政行为的司法审查制度还不完善，以列举式规定的行政诉讼的受案范围还比较狭窄，导致行政行为事实上的不可诉，，排斥司法的介入进一步导致行政执法的合法性降低，第三方面传统行政法学研究偏重于行政行为概念的法律化以及制度的建构，欠缺对行政行为外部环境的关注，尤其对行政主体中执法人员的执法逻辑关注不够。基于上述原因，一事不二罚原则在行政执法中的贯彻落实还存在大量的问题，其直接后果是导致行政相对人的合法权益得不到有效的维护，甚至损害相对人的权益，更深远的影响是破坏了有机统一的法律体系，对现阶段政府主导下的现代化转型带来一种阻力，即法律实施受到个体的抵制，增加实施难度，加大执法成本。本文选取执法中行政责任和刑事责任的衔接、厘清为分析对象来反映一事不二罚原则在中国法制中的贯彻与落实。行政责任，是行政管理过程中对相关行为进行否定性评价的结果，刑事责任，则是对严重违反社会管理规范、严重侵犯公民合法权益等行为的强烈否定评价。两者的衔接与厘清，一直是法律实践中的难题，鉴于此，国家各级行政机关、司法机关逐步建立起行政执法与刑事司法的衔接工作机制，但是多以不同行政领域与刑事司法的衔接形态出现，比如工商、税务、农业等领域各自独立。行政执法与刑事司法的衔接、厘清是一项系统性工程，从制度设立的目的上着手，分清两者的关系，统一行政执法机关、司法部门对刑事责任、行政责任的认识，以证据研究为突破口，妥善处理不同规定之间的冲突，同时，可以逐步设立权限争议的协调处理机构，从制度建设上杜绝有案不移、以罚代刑的现象发生，有效发挥出法律的社会治理功能。
[Abstract]:The principle of no two punishment is one of the important principles of administrative law enforcement. It is also a hot issue in the field of practice and academic research. At present, the degree of legality of administrative law enforcement is lower than that of other branches of law. On the one hand, the contribution of theoretical research to legislative practice and law enforcement practice is insufficient; on the other hand, the judicial review system of administrative acts is not perfect. The scope of accepting cases in administrative proceedings prescribed by enumerations is still relatively narrow, which leads to the fact that administrative acts are not actionable, and the exclusion of judicial intervention further reduces the legitimacy of administrative law enforcement. In the third aspect, the traditional study of administrative law emphasizes on the legalization of the concept of administrative act and the construction of the system, and lacks of attention to the external environment of administrative act, especially to the law enforcement logic of law enforcement personnel in the administrative subject. For the above reasons, there are still a lot of problems in the implementation of the principle of double punishment in administrative law enforcement. The direct result is that the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart cannot be effectively safeguarded, and even the rights and interests of the counterpart are damaged. The more far-reaching influence is to destroy the organic unified legal system and bring a kind of resistance to the modernization transformation under the guidance of the government at the present stage, that is, the implementation of the law is resisted by the individual, increases the difficulty of the implementation, and increases the cost of enforcing the law. This article selects the connection between administrative responsibility and criminal responsibility in law enforcement, and clarifies the implementation and implementation of the principle of "no two punishment" in China's legal system. Administrative responsibility is the result of negative evaluation of related acts in the process of administration, while criminal responsibility is a strong negative evaluation of serious violations of social management norms and serious infringement of citizens' legitimate rights and interests. The convergence and clarification of the two has always been a difficult problem in the practice of law. In view of this, the administrative organs at all levels of the state and the judicial organs have gradually established a working mechanism for the convergence of administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. However, most of them are connected with criminal justice in different administrative fields, such as industry and commerce, taxation, agriculture and so on. It is a systematic project to clarify the connection between administrative law enforcement and criminal judicature. From the point of view of the establishment of the system, we should distinguish the relationship between the two, unify the understanding of the administrative law enforcement agencies and the judicial departments on the criminal responsibility and administrative responsibility. Taking evidence research as a breakthrough, properly handling the conflicts between different provisions, at the same time, we can gradually set up a coordinating agency for handling disputes over jurisdiction, so as to put an end to the phenomenon of not moving cases and replacing punishment with punishment in terms of system construction. The social governance function of the law should be brought into play effectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国社会科学院研究生院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.11;D924

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