公有公共设施致害的赔偿责任研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:26

本文选题：公有公共设施致害 + 赔偿责任　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年,我国不断因道路、机场、桥梁等公共设施存在缺陷,而导致很多悲剧的发生。在这些事件发生之后,各地政府往往以自己不存在过错为由推脱责任,有些政府机关通常用"人道主义救济金"的方式来息事宁人。各地法院处理方式也不统一。原因是我国没有专门对公有公共设施致害的责任赔偿问题进行专门立法。论文通过研究大量的文献、案例、学说,结合前人的研究以及相关案例,通过分析比较目前我国的立法现状以及台湾、日本、德国、法国、美国、英国几个域外国家和地区的相关立法和实践,提出设想:将现有法律存在的问题及将公有公共设施致害的赔偿责任纳入我国《国家赔偿法》。全文分为六个部分,第一部分介绍了两个公有公共设施致害的案例,从政府机关的处理方式、以及法院判决从而引发思考、提出问题。得出问题的原因是由于我国相关立法的不完善。第二部分是公有公共设施的概念界定的问题,通过概念对以及特征进行分析。公有公共设施是指公共利益为目的国家为而设置或管理的提供公共服务或公务使用的予以所有曾施以人工的自然加工物、人工物、自然物。有以下特征:由政府设置或管理、属于有体物、公众性、供用性。第三部分介绍了我国公有公共设施致害的赔偿问题的存在的问题和立法现状。我国目前的关于公有公共设施致害的法律一般零散的规定在民法当中,国家赔偿法中未出现相关规定。第四部分分析了域外关于公有公共设施致害的相关立法以及域外立法实践给予的启示。大陆法系国家一般将公有公共设施致害的赔偿纳入国家赔偿法的范畴,英美法系国家没有对此专门的立法,但是在实践中确立了国家（地区）赔偿的责任。第五部分分析了将纳入国家赔偿法我国公有公共设施致害的理由现实。从其必要性、可能性以及优点总结出纳入国家赔偿法的理由现实。第六部分是关于国家赔偿公有公共设施致害的设计制度。包括公有公共设施致害国家赔偿的构成要件、归责原则、免责事由、赔偿义务机关、赔偿请求诉讼程序;且分析了未设置公有公共设施而致损害的国家责任赔偿问题。经过论证,论文的观点是将纳入我国国家赔偿法公有公共设施致害的体系中,并按照行政程序进行,从而更好的保护当事人的合法权益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many tragedies have occurred in our country because of the defects of public facilities such as roads, airports and bridges. After these incidents, local governments often shirk their responsibility on the grounds that they are not at fault, and some government agencies usually resort to "humanitarian relief funds" to calm people down. Local courts also do not have a unified way of handling. The reason is that China does not specifically legislate on the liability and compensation for damage caused by public facilities. By studying a large number of documents, cases, theories, combined with previous studies and relevant cases, this paper analyzes and compares the current legislative situation of our country and Taiwan, Japan, Germany, France, the United States, The legislation and practice of several foreign countries and regions in Britain are put forward. The problems existing in the existing laws and the liability for damages caused by public utilities are brought into our country's State compensation Law. This paper is divided into six parts. The first part introduces two cases of public utilities harm, from the government organs, and the court decision to lead to thinking, put forward problems. The reason for the problem is that the relevant legislation of our country is not perfect. The second part is the definition of the concept of public utilities, through the concept of analysis and characteristics. Public facilities refer to the provision or management of public services or public services provided by the public interest for the purpose of the country. All artificial natural products, artificial objects, natural objects have been applied to the public facilities. It has the following characteristics: it is set up or managed by the government, it belongs to the body, it is public, and it is available for use. The third part introduces the existing problems and legislation status of compensation for damages caused by public facilities in China. In our country, the current laws on damage caused by public facilities are generally scattered in the civil law, and there are no relevant provisions in the state compensation law. The fourth part analyzes the legislation and the enlightenment of the legislation. Civil law countries generally bring the compensation for damages caused by public utilities into the scope of the state compensation law, but the common law countries do not have special legislation on it, but in practice they have established the liability of the state (region) compensation. The fifth part analyzes the reasons why the public facilities will be brought into the state compensation law. From its necessity, possibility and advantages, the paper summarizes the reason and reality of bringing into the state compensation law. The sixth part is about the state compensation public facilities damage design system. It includes the elements of national compensation for damage caused by public facilities, the principle of liability, the reason of exemption, the organ of compensatory obligation, the procedure of claim for compensation, and analyzes the problem of compensation for damage caused by the failure to set up public facilities. After demonstration, the point of view of the paper is that it will be brought into the system of public facilities damage caused by the state compensation law of our country, and carry on according to the administrative procedure, so as to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties concerned.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

【相似文献】