《慈善法》实施后网络募捐的法律规制

发布时间：2018-05-27 20:07

本文选题：慈善募捐 + 网络募捐　；参考：《复旦学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】：网络募捐日益成为慈善募捐的重要渠道的同时产生了大量纠纷和问题,也凸显现行法律规范之不足。在《慈善法》颁布实施之后,慈善募捐有了一定依据,但是依然需要从原理到规则层面进行全面梳理和廓清。募捐主体、募捐地域限制和网络募捐平台的法律地位是其中最为关键的三个问题。首先,本文在区分慈善募捐与个人求助两个概念之后,揭示出个人求助的规制困境;而且因为《慈善法》明确表态不调整个人求助,所以只能适用其他法律法规对其进行规制。在排除了营利组织、互益组织、政府部门和媒体之后,募捐主体只能限于公益性的非营利组织。这不仅源于此类组织的特殊属性,也关乎公开募捐的公益性特征;其次,因为现行慈善组织行政管理体制受限于行政区域,因此网络募捐的备案不可避免地受到地域限制,而网络募捐突破地域限制已经成为现实,《慈善法》出于对现实的接受与回应,放松地域限制成为必然的选择;最后,网络募捐平台的法律地位有三种分类——企业承担社会责任的方式、联合劝募组织和职业劝募机构,所以对其规制除了从网络服务提供商的视角进行考量之外,还需要从不同组织性质的角度予以关注。
[Abstract]:Network fundraising has become an important channel for charitable fundraising, which has caused a lot of disputes and problems, and also highlights the shortcomings of current legal norms. After the promulgation and implementation of the Charity Law, there is a certain basis for charity fundraising, but it still needs to be sorted out and clarified from the principle to the rule level. The main body, the regional limitation and the legal status of the online fundraising platform are the three key issues. First of all, after distinguishing the two concepts of charity fundraising and individual help, this paper reveals the dilemma of individual help regulation, and because the Charity Law clearly states that it does not adjust individual help, it can only be regulated by other laws and regulations. After excluding profit-making organizations, mutual benefit organizations, government departments and the media, donors can only be confined to non-profit organizations. This is due not only to the special attributes of such organizations, but also to the public welfare characteristics of public donations. Secondly, because the current administrative system of charitable organizations is limited to administrative areas, the filing of online donations is inevitably subject to geographical restrictions. But the network collection breaks through the geographical limit has become the reality, the "charity law" out of the reality of the acceptance and response, relaxation of the regional restrictions become the inevitable choice; finally, There are three categories of the legal status of the online fundraising platform: the ways in which enterprises assume social responsibility, the joint solicitation organizations and the professional solicitation agencies, so the regulation of these platforms is not only considered from the perspective of the Internet service provider, but also from the perspective of the Internet service provider. Attention also needs to be given to the nature of the different organizations.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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