论军事刑罚制度立法的完善

发布时间：2018-05-28 00:05

本文选题：军事刑罚 + 立法体系　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：军事刑罚制度是军事刑法的一个重要组成部分,军事刑法特殊性决定了军事刑罚制度的特殊性。军事刑法以维护国家军事利益为目标,决定了军事刑罚制度的构建必须建立在军事斗争的实践基础上,也必须依靠深厚的刑法理论作为其理论基础。军事刑罚制度必须以维护国家军事法益为首要价值目标,在运行上体现了军法从严与战时从严的要求。其建构也应当吸收“敌人刑法”的价值理念以及古今中外的合理的立法模式。我国目前的军事刑罚制度立法经过多年的实践证明,在很多方面已经不能适应未来的军事斗争需求,也很大程度上不能适应依法治军,惩治军事犯罪的要求。从刑种体系上分析,直接反映为军事刑罚刑种体系不够完备,不能适应部队的特殊生活方式以及军人的法律地位。这一现状也不利于平时国防建设的展开。这些问题的存在客观上决定了我国的军事刑罚立法体系应当做出适当的修正。从比较法的角度来看,军事刑法不同的立法模式也直接导致了古今中外军事刑罚立法体系的多种多样,军事刑罚立法体系的重构应当在参考这些前人成熟与优秀的立法精神和立法规定的基础上吸取其中的精华来为我所用。本文选取了美国、英国以及意大利等西方国家的成熟的立法例,从其立法模式、刑种体系、裁量制度、执行体系等角度加以全面系统的分析并得出相关的分析结论。从法的继承性的角度对中国近代以来的军事法制度进行了历史沿革分析,从中总结出军事法制发展的内在规律与其中稳定的价值导向,分析其中可为我所用或者传承的部分。从刑罚的执行体系上来看,我国的军事刑法在刑种体系上不完备,军职犯罪缺乏管制刑的适用导致刑罚体系的不完整,财产刑的适用没有受到应有的重视导致相关犯罪可能不能从根本上受到惩处,声誉刑和资格刑的缺乏适用不能与军人的法律地位相适应,也不能适应军队的特殊生活方式和军队的管理理念。同时,从立法展望的角度来看,保安处分措施,其中包括未来可能建构的军事行政性违法行为强制教育也应当纳入军事刑罚制度中予以规制。在执行体系上,目前缺乏营区矫正等准社会化行刑方式,不仅与现行立法存在冲突,也会导致轻罪军人不能及时有效地改正违法行为。在特别缓刑制度上,存在着与一般缓刑关系不明确、“立功”的界定不清等问题。对此,全面的加以分析并提出完善建议。在死刑的执行上缺乏对于战时死刑的特殊规定以及赦免制度的规定,这些制度的缺乏可能不能适应军事斗争需要。同时分析阐述了与死刑相类似的战时即时处决权的建构依据以及对其的合法性论证,从而使战时的功利主义价值取向发挥到极致。最后结合诉讼法与实体法之间相互作用以及军事指挥官作为军事主体的地位,结合军事斗争的紧张环境下更加需要军事刑法实体法与军事刑事诉讼紧密结合关系的实际,提出了赋予军事指挥官适当的军事刑罚裁量权的构想,包括裁量权的对象、范围以及救济等。这些措施的完善建议希望可以达到使军事刑罚立法体系完备的效果。从而为将来的军事斗争服务,保障国家军事利益并维护军事人员的合法权益,同时促进军事刑法理论的发展与研究的深入。
[Abstract]:The military penal system is an important part of the military criminal law. The particularity of the military criminal law determines the particularity of the military penalty system. The military criminal law is aimed at safeguarding the national military interests, and decides that the construction of the military penalty system must be based on the practice of military struggle, and must rely on the profound criminal law theory as its basis. The military penalty system must take the maintenance of the national military legal interest as the primary value target, which embodies the strict and strict requirements of military law and wartime. Its construction should also absorb the value concept of "the enemy's criminal law" and the reasonable legislative mode between the ancient and the modern and the modern and in both China and foreign countries. Practice has proved that in many respects it has not adapted to the needs of the future military struggle, but also to a large extent can not adapt to the requirements of the rule of law and the punishment of military crime. From the criminal punishment system, it is directly reflected that the system of military penalty punishment is not complete enough to adapt to the special life style of the army and the legal status of the military. It is not conducive to the development of peacetime defense construction. The existence of these problems objectively determines that the military penalty legislation system in China should be properly amended. From the perspective of comparative law, the different legislative modes of military criminal law also directly lead to a variety of military penalty legislative system, and the legislative system of military penalty. The reconstruction should be used on the basis of reference to the mature and excellent legislative spirit and legislative provisions of these predecessors. This article selects the mature legislation of the western countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and the Italy, and comprehensively and systematically from the angle of its legislative model, the system of punishment, the system of discretion and the system of execution. Analyze and draw relevant analysis conclusions. From the perspective of inheritance of law, the historical evolution of military law system in modern China has been analyzed, from which the internal law of the development of military legal system and the stable value orientation are summed up, and the part which can be used or inherited is analyzed. From the execution system of penalty, China The military criminal law is not complete in the system of punishment, the application of the lack of control punishment for military and vocational crimes leads to the incomplete punishment system, the application of property punishment is not due to due attention and the related crime may not be fundamentally punished. The lack of application of reputation punishment and qualification penalty can not be adapted to the legal status of the military and can not be suitable for the military. At the same time, from the perspective of the legislature, from the perspective of the legislation, the security measures, including the possible military administrative law compulsory education which may be constructed in the future, should also be included in the military penalty system. In the implementation system, there is a lack of quasi socialized execution, such as camp correction. The way, not only conflicts with the current legislation, but also causes the misdemeanor to correct the illegal activities in time and effectively. In the special probation system, there are some problems with the unclear relationship between the general probation and the definition of "the meritorious service". This is a comprehensive analysis and suggestions for the execution of the death penalty. The special provisions of punishment and the provisions of the pardon system, the lack of these systems may not be able to adapt to the needs of the military struggle. At the same time, it analyses and expounds the construction basis of the right of immediate execution in wartime similar to the death penalty and the proof of its legitimacy, thus making the utilitarianism value orientation in wartime to the extreme. Finally, it combines the litigation law and the reality. The interaction between the body and law and the position of the military commanders as the main body of the military, combined with the reality that the military criminal law and the military criminal proceedings are more closely connected with the military criminal law under the tense environment of the military struggle, the idea of giving military commanders appropriate discretion of the military penalty, including the object, scope and scope of the discretion, is put forward. The suggestions for the improvement of these measures are expected to achieve the complete effect of the military penalty legislative system, thus serving the future military struggle, safeguarding the national military interests and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the military personnel, and promoting the development and research of the military criminal law theory.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：E266

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