论植物新品种权扩张下我国农民留种权规则的完善

发布时间：2018-05-31 17:30

本文选题：植物新品种权 + 农民权　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在植物新品种权扩张的背景下，我国成为全球第二大种子市场，以发达国家种子企业为代表的国际种业公司侵占着我国的种子市场。国家虽将种业发展规划列入日程，却忽视了作为种子使用主要主体农民的利益保护同样有助于保护我国种业市场安全。在植物新品种权扩张的趋势下，我国完善农民留种权规则的实证研究需要理论的支撑。运用理论研究法，从植物新品种权保护制度的理论基础，以及农民权、农民留种权概念界定出发，结合现有国情提出我国农民留种权规则完善的确立理由和立法理念；运用比较分析法，从国际公约（UPOV公约、CBD公约、ITPGRFA公约）的内容了解国际社会的要求，从发达国家——美国和发展中国家——印度的规定中比较各自的侧重点，给予我国留种权规则建设以借鉴；运用实证研究法和资料综述法，了解国外案例，结合我国国家和部分地方主要规定，在立法方面明确我国农民留种权规则的具体建议。针对植物新品种权扩张下的我国农民留种权规则的完善提出初步设计，内容主要包括留种权规则的立法要件和保护机制。立法要件的内容包括：第一，留种权保护的主体是指“以农业或者林业种植为业”的农民，但不要求种植是其主要经济收入，实际操作中要结合种植面积确定农民的新品种权使用费支付；第二，留种行为的内容包括但不限于保种再用、自繁自用、交换或赠与、非商业目的的销售等，代繁行为不应在留种权探讨范围；第三，应当将农民的主观因素考虑在留种侵权判定中，针对无意留种的侵权案件要进行具体案件具体分析。保护机制的内容包括：第一，品种权侵权案件的处理包括行政和司法两种处理模式，行政处理模式的管辖权可以下放；第二，可以选定农民代表或农业专家等参与到关系农民权益的留种权事宜的处理工作中；第三，要在具体案件中谨慎对待农民赔偿责任的计算方法和计算数额等问题。在植物新品种权扩张背景下，，我国农民留种权规则的建设，具有一定理论意义和实践意义。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the expansion of new plant variety rights, China has become the second largest seed market in the world, and the international seed companies, represented by the seed enterprises in developed countries, occupy the seed market of our country. Although the program of seed industry development is included in the schedule, the government neglects the protection of farmers' interests as the main body of seed use, which is also helpful to protect the market security of seed industry in our country. Under the trend of the expansion of new plant variety rights, the empirical research on the improvement of farmers' right to leave seeds requires theoretical support. Using the theory research method, from the theory foundation of the plant new variety right protection system, as well as the farmer right, the farmer remains the seed right concept definition, unifies the present situation to propose our country farmer to remain the seed right rule consummation establishment reason and the legislation idea; By means of comparative analysis, we can understand the requirements of the international community from the contents of the UPOV Convention and the CBD Convention and the ITPGRFA Convention, and compare their respective emphases from the provisions of the developed country, the United States, and the developing country, India. This paper gives reference to the construction of the rules of the right to leave seed in our country, uses the method of empirical research and the method of summarizing the data to understand the cases of foreign countries, and makes clear the concrete suggestions of the rules of the right of the peasants to remain seeds in the aspect of legislation, combining with the main provisions of our country and some places. This paper puts forward a preliminary design for the improvement of the rules of the farmers' right to leave seeds under the expansion of the new plant variety rights, which mainly includes the legislative elements and the protection mechanism of the rules of the right to leave seeds. The contents of the legislative elements include: first, the main body of the protection of the right to keep seeds refers to the farmers who take agriculture or forestry planting as their industry, but does not require planting to be their main economic income. In actual operation, it is necessary to determine the use fee payment of farmers' new variety rights in combination with the planting area; second, the content of seed retention activities includes, but is not limited to, the preservation of seeds for reuse, self-propagation, exchange or donation, and sales for non-commercial purposes, etc. The behavior of breeding should not be discussed in the scope of the right of seed retention; third, the subjective factors of farmers should be taken into account in the determination of the tort of seed retention, and the specific case should be analyzed specifically in the case of the tort of unintentional seed retention. The contents of the protection mechanism include: first, the handling of variety right infringement cases includes two kinds of administrative and judicial modes, the jurisdiction of the administrative treatment model can be decentralized; second, Farmers' representatives or agricultural experts can be selected to participate in the handling of the issue of the right to retain seeds which relate to the rights and interests of farmers. Third, the calculation method and amount of peasants' compensation liability should be treated cautiously in specific cases. Under the background of the expansion of new plant variety right, the construction of farmers' right to leave seed in our country is of certain theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923.4;D922.4

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