植物新品种保护下我国种子企业持续经营研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 19:30

本文选题：植物新品种保护 + 种子企业持续经营　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：发展农业是我国当前的首要任务，育种技术创新是推动我国农业发展的核心措施之一。以现代生物工程技术、信息技术为标志的农业新技术革命正兴起，种子产业的竞争越来越体现为拥有核心技术和形成知识产权能力的竞争。十七大提出自主创新和知识产权是我国的基本国策，我国种子产业的发展，根本在于形成一套完善的知识产权保护机制，保障种子企业创新能够得到有效回报，更进一步的，种子企业的持续创新将让农民获得更多选择新品种所带来的收益，进而推动农业发展。随着《植物新品种保护条例》、《种子法》相继实施，我国植物新品种保护事业蓬勃发展，种子市场商业化改革也逐步形成。本文以知识产权保护理论、农业技术创新溢出效应理论、生产函数理论为基础，运用统计学和经济学的基本知识，借鉴国内外己有的研究成果，采用定性分析和定量分析相结合的方法，研究植物新品种保护下我国种子企业经营现状以及持续经营的维度及其影响因素，以期为提高种子企业研发行为积极性和增强企业研发能力、降低种子企业经营成本、提高经济效益和生产效率提供重要参考。阐述了植物新品种、植物新品种保护、种子行业特征和种子企业持续经营的内涵、企业农业技术创新的内涵概念、农业技术创新溢出效应理论、知识产权保护成本收益理论、知识产权制度的利益平衡理论、知识产权资源优化配置理论以及农业技术创新的溢出效应、农业技术创新的外部性，概述了植物新品种保护制度演进脉络，指出随着农业、育种业和种子贸易的发展，植物新品种保护的重要性越来越突出了，发达国家私人育种公司的育种工作迅速开展并超过了公立机构，，育种速度和育成新品种的数量大幅度增加，迅速改变了种子产业的面貌，我国作为发展中国家于2000年《中华人民共和国种子法》的颁布实施后，彻底打破了国有种子公司垄断经营的局面，使我国种子产业市场化发展更好、更快，有力地刺激了种子企业育种创新和科研与生产的结合，推动了“选育、生产、经营一体化”进程；分析了植物新品种保护制度下种子企业研发行为、我国种子企业申请与授权植物新品种权数量变化以及两者的差距、种子企业市场规模、市场集中度与发达国家的差距；运用统计描述和DID模型分析了我国种子企业生产经营收益变化及其影响因素，进行了分析我国种子企业成本效益发展变化，成本效益变化，运用SFA模型法测算和分析了我国种子企业生产运营效率及其影响因素分析。基于上述分析内容，得出种子企业的研发行为受遗传资源所支付的成本、科研人员的数量、销售额预期以及创新成本等因素的影响，使用遗传资源所支付的成本以及科研人员对企业的研发行为有积极作用，也就是企业的物质资本和人力资本投入水平影响企业的研发行为，相对于国有企业来说，合伙私人企业的研发积极性不高，企业进行新品种研发的动力源于研发行为是否能为企业带来经济效益，由于种子企业新品种权的保护水平过程受创新成本提高的影响，所以对种子企业的研发行为有一定的有消极影响；得出1999年至2012年我国种子企业的研发经费、员工工资、员工人数、日常经营资金、申请费、审查费、年费、所支付的遗传资源成本、净利润总体都呈逐年增加的趋势，意味着种子企业品种权申请量上有一定的突破，但申请的质上与科研单位相比差距仍然较大，表明其积极性还没有充分的发挥出；得出植物新品种保护制度建立以来，申请植物新品种保护的企业与未申请植物新品种保护的企业相比，其生产运营收益显著地增加，企业的科研投入、独立研发能力以及知识产权管理能力也会在很大程度上影响企业生产运营收益，在影响种子企业生产运营收益的变量中，科研人员与推广人员占员工的比重、独立研发品种占总研发品种的比重以及企业是否设置专门的品种保护或知识产权管理的部门对企业生产运营收益具有正向影响，而种子企业的科研经费占经营经费的比重与侵权案件数量对种子企业的生产运营收益具有负向影响；得出我国育繁推一体化种子企业的生产效率仍然存在改进空间，研发经费的投入和累计授权品种数量对企业的生产运营效率产生正向影响，东部地区育繁推一体化种子企业的生产运营效率高于中部地区的企业，且高于全国的平均水平，而中部地区的种子企业生产运营效率又高于西部地区的企业，中西部的种子企业的生产运营效率均低于全国平均水平，研发经费的投入和累计授权品种数量会对企业的生产运营效率产生正向影响，但累计审定品种数量对企业生产运营效率产生负向影响。最后提出强化植物新品种权申请和保护意识、增强企业研发能力、促进多元化主体合作、加大完善植物新品种保护制度的力度、保护种子企业的生产运营收益、加强自身科研实力的同时注重合作战略、重视维权部门的建设、提供良好的外部政策环境等政策建议。
[Abstract]:The development of agriculture is the primary task of our country. The innovation of breeding technology is one of the key measures to promote the development of agriculture in our country. The new agricultural technology revolution marked by modern bioengineering technology and information technology is rising, and the competition of seed industry is more and more embodied in the competition of having the core skills and the ability to form intellectual property. The main innovation and intellectual property rights is the basic national policy of our country. The development of China's seed industry lies in the formation of a perfect mechanism of intellectual property protection, which ensures the effective return of the innovation of the seed enterprise, and further, the continuous innovation of the seed enterprises will allow the farmers to gain more profits from the selection of new varieties. With the implementation of the regulations for the protection of new varieties of plants and the implementation of the seed law, the protection of new varieties of plants in China has flourished and the commercialized reform of the seed market has been gradually formed.
Based on the theory of intellectual property protection, the theory of the spillover effect of agricultural technology innovation, the theory of production function, the basic knowledge of statistics and economics, the research results at home and abroad, and the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the present situation of the operation of Chinese seed enterprises under the protection of new varieties of plants is studied. The dimension of sustainable management and its influencing factors are expected to provide an important reference for improving the initiative of the research and development of the seed enterprises, enhancing the R & D capacity of the enterprises, reducing the operating cost of the seed enterprises, improving the economic efficiency and production efficiency. The new plant varieties, the protection of the new plant varieties, the characteristics of the seed industry and the sustainable management of the seed enterprises are expounded. The connotation, the theory of the spillover effect of agricultural technology innovation, the theory of the cost and benefit of intellectual property protection, the balance theory of the intellectual property system, the theory of the optimal allocation of intellectual property resources and the spillover effect of the agricultural technology innovation, the externality of the innovation of agricultural technology, and the overview of the new plant variety protection system. With the development of the degree evolution, it is pointed out that with the development of agriculture, breeding and seed trade, the importance of the protection of new plant varieties is becoming more and more prominent. The breeding work of private breeding companies in the developed countries has rapidly developed and exceeded the public institutions. The number of breeding speed and the number of new varieties has greatly increased, and the appearance of the seed industry has been rapidly changed. After the promulgation and implementation of the "People's Republic of China Seed Law" of the developing countries in 2000, the state completely broke the situation of monopolization of the state-owned seed companies and made the development of the seed industry in China better and faster, and strongly stimulated the combination of seed enterprise breeding innovation and scientific research and production, and promoted the integration of breeding, production and operation. The development behavior of the seed enterprises under the new plant variety protection system was analyzed. The changes in the number of Seed Enterprises' application and authorization of the new plant species and the gap between the two, the market scale of the seed enterprises and the gap between the market concentration and the developed countries were analyzed. The production of seed enterprises in China was analyzed by using the statistical description and DID model. The change of profit and the influencing factors are analyzed and the cost benefit development and change of the seed enterprises in China are analyzed. The SFA model method is used to calculate and analyze the production and operation efficiency of the seed enterprises in China and the analysis of the influencing factors.
Based on the above analysis, it is concluded that the research and development behavior of the seed enterprises is affected by the cost of genetic resources, the quantity of scientific researchers, the expectation of sales and the cost of innovation, the cost of the use of genetic resources and the positive effect of the scientific research personnel on the research and development behavior of the enterprise, that is, the material capital and manpower of the enterprise. The level of capital input affects the R & D behavior of the enterprises. Compared with the state-owned enterprises, the R & D enthusiasm of the partnership private enterprises is not high. The power source of the new R & D of the enterprises is whether the R & D behavior can bring economic benefits to the enterprises. The research and development behavior of seed enterprises has a certain negative influence. From 1999 to 2012, the research and development fund of seed enterprises, employee's salary, employee number, daily operating fund, application fee, examination fee, annual fee, and the cost of genetic resources paid, net profit are increasing year by year, which means the application amount of seed enterprise variety rights. There are certain breakthroughs, but the quality of the application is still relatively large compared with the scientific research unit, which indicates that its enthusiasm has not been fully developed. Since the establishment of the new plant variety protection system, the enterprises applying for the protection of new varieties of plants have significantly increased their production and operating income compared with the enterprises that have not applied for the protection of new plant varieties. The investment in scientific research, independent research and development and the ability of intellectual property management will affect the production and operating income of the enterprise to a great extent. In the variables affecting the production and operating income of the seed enterprises, the proportion of scientific research personnel and the extension personnel, the proportion of the independent R & D varieties to the total research varieties and whether the enterprises set up specialized The Department of variety protection or intellectual property management has a positive impact on the production and operation income of the enterprise, but the proportion of the research funds in the seed enterprise and the quantity of the tort cases have a negative influence on the production and operation income of the seed enterprises; the production efficiency of the integrated Seed Enterprises in China is still improved. The investment of R & D funds and the amount of the accumulated authorized varieties have a positive effect on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises. The production and operation efficiency of the integrated seed enterprises in the eastern region is higher than that in the central region, which is higher than the national average, and the efficiency of the production and operation of the seed enterprises in the central region is higher than that of the western region. The production and operation efficiency of the seed enterprises in the Midwest are all lower than the national average. The investment of R & D funds and the amount of the accumulated authorized varieties will have a positive impact on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises, but the cumulative number of approved varieties has a negative impact on the efficiency of the production and operation of the enterprises. To protect consciousness, strengthen the enterprise's R & D ability, promote the cooperation of the diversified main body, strengthen the strength of the protection system of new plant varieties, protect the production and operation income of the seed enterprises, strengthen the scientific research strength and pay attention to the cooperation strategy, attach importance to the construction of the rights department and provide good external policy environment and other policy suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F324.6;D922.4

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