改革开放以来农民工就业权益保障政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-08 00:23

本文选题：改革开放 + 农民工　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国在1978年实行改革开放后,农村改革取得了重大成就,农村农业生产率的大大提高,使得农村出现了大量的剩余劳动力。而另一方面,中国城市经过锐意改革,城市经济的发展需要越来越多的劳动力。由此,农村劳动力不断地涌向城市,形成了规模庞大的农民工队伍。农民工是中国城乡二元结构体制下的产物,是兼有农民和产业工人身份的特殊劳动群体,他们在城市辛勤劳动,为中国的城乡社会经济一体化发展做出了巨大的贡献,可是由于城乡二元体制的缘故,他们的相关权益却没有得到很好地保障。就业,是每一个公民获得生存和发展的前提条件;权益,是现代社会法律所赋予公民的合法权利。在现代化市场经济中,就业权益是指劳动者自由选择某一具体工作岗位,并且在这一选择过程中能够公平地与其他求职者进行岗位竞争;在入职后,劳动者与其他的工作人员一样享有正当的、同等的劳动报酬和国家相关社会保障。在国内学术界研究保障农民工就业权益方面,专家学者们从国家经济、政治、法律、政策等层面进行研究,提出了具有建设性的相关意见,比如提出在社会主义市场经济背景下加强农民工普法教育,加快城乡户籍改革、就业制度等方面的建设步伐,在制定农民工政策时提高农民工政治参与度等积极建议。另一方面,国外并不存在“农民工”这种说法,国外对农村剩余劳动力转移的相关研究在多数情况下是从经济角度展开论述,相关的研究成果有刘易斯人口流动模型、拉尼斯—费景汉模型等经济理论。虽然国外并没有从政策方面对劳动力转移问题进行研究,但是国外在促进城市与乡村发展、对劳动者开展相关培训等做法为政策的制定提供了某些思路。此外,国外学者在劳动者就业研究方面,从政府干预经济建设、劳动者对工资的期望以及雇佣方与被雇佣方之间的内在需求匹配等层面入手,提出了某些积极的经济理论。为了进一步理解相关农民工政策的内涵,本文在前人研究的基础上以农民工就业权益为视角,以农民工就业权益保障政策为研究对象,尝试论述农民工就业权益保障政策,希望能够为后续研究者提供相关文献线索,以期进一步探究农民工就业权益保障政策的相关知识内容体系。在研究过程中,本文主要运用文献资料研究方法,目的是在逐渐熟悉、掌握改革开放以来中国农民工群体变化发展的史料,研究中国共产党以及国家政府、部门针对农民工群体就业权益保障问题而推行实施的相关政策,为阐述农民工就业权益保障政策提供必要的文献研究资料;运用历史研究方法对中国在改革开放以来制定的关于农民工就业权益保障工作方面的政策加以研究,尝试以此描述农民工就业权益保障政策的历史形成与发展过程,并叙述其基本内容;运用定量研究法与定性研究法,主要是论述农民工对国民经济发展的促进意义及农民工就业权益保障政策对农民工群体及社会发展的积极影响,并且阐述农民工就业权益保障政策的显著特征,在深入分析农民工就业权益保障政策的执行情况与效果之后,总结政策的不足之处,为今后制定更加科学合理的惠民政策提供经验依据。通过进行细致研究,本文所得出的研究成果是:农民工就业权益保障政策得以产生的原因及其变化发展的现实依据;国家是怎样保障农民工就业权益以及农民工就业权益保障政策的显著特征;试论农民工就业权益保障政策所存在的不足地方,并以此提出相关改进办法。从总体上概括地来讲,农民工就业权益保障政策之所以得以产生,是因为改革开放后农民工群体的出现及其就业权益问题的凸显,在实际过程中,农民工就业权益保障政策经历了初步形成、基本形成、发展和进一步发展等阶段。国家主要从农民工的入职权益、工资收入、工伤保险及失业保险等方面来保障农民工的就业权益。刚性与柔性并存、兼具内在普惠性与服务发展性正是农民工就业权益保障政策不断变化发展的本质特征。国家之所以注重保障农民工就业权益,是因为农民工群体是中国城镇化发展的重要推动力量,解决好农民工就业权益问题是中国实现社会主义和谐社会的基本要求,是中国全面建成小康社会的必然要求。国家所制定的农民工就业权益保障政策,对促进国家城乡经济建设、实现中国特色社会主义公平正义起到了重要推动作用;然而政策所存在的固有的“柔性”特征及其“非全面性”却成为了在一定程度上影响政策有效执行的绊脚石。如何清除政策“柔性”特征及其“非全面性”问题在无意中所带来的某些不利于保障农民工就业权益的隐形阻碍,这是一个现实的客观问题。本文在发现农民工就业权益保障政策存在这些不足之处后,以此有感而发,认为这些不足之处亦有相关启示,即在“柔性”特征及“非全面性”问题存在的情况下应当从明确制定具体工作目标要求、强化职能部门工作、完善国家住房公积金制度等方面建设来进一步促进惠民政策的制定与发展——而这正是本文探索如何发展农民工就业权益保障政策的突破口,同时也是本文的新见解所在。
[Abstract]:After the implementation of China's reform and opening up in 1978, the rural reform has made great achievements, the productivity of rural agriculture has been greatly improved, and a large number of surplus labor has appeared in the rural areas. On the other hand, the urban economy needs more and more labor force after the sharp reform of the Chinese cities. Thus, the rural labor force is constantly pouring into the city, The migrant workers have formed a large scale of migrant workers. Migrant workers are the product of the two yuan structural system of urban and rural areas in China. It is a special working group with both farmers and industrial workers. They have worked hard in the city and made great contributions to the development of social and economic integration in urban and rural areas of China, but because of the two yuan system in urban and rural areas, they The relevant rights and interests are not well guaranteed. Employment is the prerequisite for every citizen to survive and develop; the rights and interests are the legal rights given to the citizens by the modern social law. In the modern market economy, the employment rights and interests means that the workers are free to choose a specific job and can be used in the process of choice. To compete with other job seekers on the ground, the workers enjoy the same labor remuneration and the state related social security as the other staff members after their entry. In the domestic academic circles, the experts and scholars study the protection of the employment rights and interests of migrant workers from the economic, political, legal, policy and other aspects of the national economy. There are constructive suggestions, such as strengthening the education of peasant workers in the context of socialist market economy, speeding up the reform of urban and rural household registration, the construction of employment system and so on. On the other hand, there are no "migrant workers" in foreign countries. The study of the transfer of surplus rural labor in foreign countries is discussed from the economic perspective in most cases. The related research results are Lewis's population flow model, the lance Fei Jinghan model and other economic theories. Although foreign countries have not studied the transfer of labor force from the policy aspects, the foreign countries are promoting the city. The development of the city and the countryside and the training of the workers provide some ideas for the formulation of the policy. In addition, the foreign scholars have put forward some positive aspects in the study of the employment of workers from the level of government intervention in economic construction, the expectations of the workers on wages, and the matching of the needs between the employers and the employed parties. In order to further understand the connotation of the relevant peasant workers' policy, this paper, based on the previous research, takes the employment rights and interests of migrant workers as the perspective and takes the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers as the research object, and tries to discuss the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights of migrant workers, hoping to provide the relevant literature clues for the follow-up researchers in order to advance. In the course of the study, the main use of literature research methods, the purpose is to gradually familiarity with the historical materials of the change and development of the Chinese migrant workers since the reform and opening up, and study the Chinese Communist Party and the state government, the Department is aimed at the migrant workers group. The relevant policy of carrying out the problem of protecting the rights and interests of the industry is carried out to provide the necessary literature research materials for the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of the migrant workers, and the historical research method is used to study the policy on the protection of the employment rights and interests of the migrant workers in China since the reform and opening up, and try to describe the employment rights of the migrant workers. The historical formation and development process of the guarantee policy and its basic content are described. Using the quantitative research method and the qualitative research method, it mainly discusses the promotion significance of the migrant workers to the national economic development and the positive effect of the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers on the group and the social development of the migrant workers, and expounds the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers' employment. After in-depth analysis of the implementation and effect of the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of the policy and provides the basis for the future formulation of a more scientific and reasonable policy for the people of Huimin. Through careful research, the results obtained in this paper are that the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of migrant workers' employment rights has been produced. The reasons and the realistic basis for the development of the change; how the state guarantees the employment rights and interests of migrant workers and the significant characteristics of the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers; on the deficiencies of the employment rights and interests protection policies of migrant workers, and in order to put forward the relevant measures for improvement. It is caused by the emergence of the migrant workers and their employment rights and interests after the reform and opening up. In the actual process, the policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of the migrant workers has undergone a preliminary formation, basic formation, development and further development. The state is mainly from the rights and interests of the peasant workers, wages, industrial injury insurance and unemployment insurance. Insurance and other aspects to guarantee the employment rights and interests of migrant workers. The coexistence of rigidity and flexibility, both intrinsic benefits and service development are the essential features of the constant change and development of the employment rights and interests of migrant workers. The reason why the state pays attention to guaranteeing the employment rights of migrant workers is because the rural migrant workers are the important driving force for the development of China's urbanization. Solving the problem of the rights and interests of the migrant workers is the basic requirement for the realization of a harmonious society in China and the inevitable requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The policy of guaranteeing the rights and interests of migrant workers by the state has played an important role in promoting the national urban and rural economic construction and realizing the socialistic fairness and justice of Chinese characteristics. The inherent "flexibility" and its "non comprehensiveness", which exist in policy, have become a stumbling block to influence the effective implementation of policy to a certain extent. After finding these shortcomings in the policy of guaranteeing the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, this paper thinks that these inadequacies also have relevant enlightenment, that is, in the case of "flexible" and "non comprehensive" problems, we should make clear the requirements of the specific work objectives and strengthen the work of the functional departments. To improve the national housing provident fund system and other aspects to further promote the formulation and development of the policy of benefiting people - this is the breakthrough point of this article to explore how to develop the employment rights and interests of migrant workers, and also the new views of this article.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D412.6;D922.5

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