论行政代履行

发布时间：2018-06-08 22:07

本文选题：代履行 + 行政机关　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自2012年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国行政强制法》,第一次正式规定了行政代履行制度,但是由于种种原因,该法关于代履行的规定还很不完善。随着代履行制度在我国实践中的运用越来越频繁,代履行制度已经发挥出明显的制度优势,但是相对于国外成熟的理论和实践,行政代履行制度在我国的实施仍显得较为薄弱,并已经在实践中暴露出了很多问题。正是基于此背景,对代履行制度的理论和实践进行研究就显得十分必要。本文主要是从案例入手,对代履行制度在实践中出现的主要问题进行了探讨和研究,并且针对这些问题提出了立法改进和制度完善的若干建议。本文除绪论以外,共有五部分构成。绪论,主要引用最近在实践中发生的一起关于代履行的案例,引出本文的写作背景,并进一步阐述了本文的写作目的。第一章,代履行人。本部分主要介绍了代履行的主体,行政机关作为代履行‘人时的性质以及在实践中运行的优缺点,第三人作为代履行人时的优缺点以及行政机关在实践中对第三人监督上存在的问题。第二章,代履行制度的适用范围。从现有的法律规定并结合实践情况来看,现有法律规定对于一般代履行适用范围的规定已经不能满足实践的需要。对于即时代履行,其适用范围应限于清除道路、河道、航道或者公共场所的遗洒物、障碍物或者污染物。对于义务人无能力履行义务时行政机关实施代履行而言,其适用范围应当限于不及时代替义务人履行义务将给公共利益带来重大损失的情形。第三章,代履行费用的征收。在代履行的实施中,代履行费用的争议最多且最复杂,为了更好地解决争议,促进代履行制度的实施,有必要对代履行费用进行全面的探讨和研究。在本部分文章主要围绕着代履行费用的性质、征收标准、征收争议的解决进行论述。对于代履行费用的性质,当行政机关代履行时应该属于行政收费,第三人代履行时只是对价给付,不属于行政收费。代履行费用的征收应该由物价部门给出指导价,不能由行政机关或者第三人自己确定。代履行费用的征收发生争议时,义务人或者第三人可以通过提起行政复议或者行政诉讼的途径维护合法权益。第四章,代履行中的损害赔偿。本部分主要是围绕行政机关或者第三人在代履行时对义务人造成了损害应该如何救济来论述。行政机关作为代履行人时对义务人造成的损害可通过行政复议、行政诉讼、行政赔偿的途径进行救济。而对于第三人侵害义务人的情况则比较复杂。行政机关通过与第三人签订的代履行协议委托其实施代履行,对导致第三人损害的行为,有必要区分第三人是公务行为还是私人行为,对于公务行为造成的损害可以直接请求行政机关进行赔偿,私人行为造成的损害应该直接请求第三人进行赔偿。第五章,我国代履行制度的完善建议。本部分主要从五个方面进行论述：扩大代履行的适用范围：建立义务人无能力履行义务情况下的代履行制度,例如建立专项基金会等；完善第三人的选择条件和程序；物价局设立代履行费用的最高征收标准；法律明确规定损害赔偿请求权机制。
[Abstract]:The administrative enforcement law of the People's Republic of China, which has been implemented since January 1, 2012, first formally stipulated the system of administrative execution, but for a variety of reasons, the provisions of the law are still imperfect. With the more and more frequent application of the system in the practice of our country, the system of generation and performance has already played an obvious system of excellence. However, compared with the mature theories and practices abroad, the implementation of the administrative performance system in our country is still relatively weak, and has already exposed many problems in practice. Based on this background, it is very necessary to study the theory and practice of the system of performance and performance. This article is mainly from the case of the implementation of the system of performance. The main problems in practice are discussed and studied, and some suggestions for legislative improvement and system improvement are put forward in view of these problems. In addition to the introduction, this paper consists of five parts. The purpose of this article is to explain the purpose of the first chapter. This part mainly introduces the main body of the performance of the generation, the administrative organs as the character of the generation and the merits and demerits of running in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of the third people as a substitute for pedestrians and the problems existing in the supervision of the third persons in the practice of the administrative organs. Second chapters. The scope of application of the performance system. From the existing legal provisions and in combination with the practice, the existing law stipulates that the provisions on the scope of the general performance can not meet the needs of the practice. For the performance of the times, the scope of application should be limited to the removal of roads, watercourses, waterways or public places, obstacles or pollution. In the case of the executive organ in which the obligor has no ability to perform its obligations, the scope of its application should be limited to the case where the obligation will not be replaced in time. The third chapter, the expropriation of the performance expenses, is the most controversial and most complicated in the implementation of the execution. In order to solve the dispute well and promote the implementation of the generation performance system, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive discussion and Study on the performance of the expenses for the generation. In this part, the article mainly focuses on the nature of the performance of the performance of the generation, the collection of standards, the settlement of the collection of disputes. When the three person performs only the price payment, it does not belong to the administrative charge. The expropriation of the performance fee should be given by the price department, which can not be determined by the administrative organ or the third party themselves. In the event of the dispute on the expropriation of the execution expenses, the obligor or the third party may maintain the combination of the administrative reconsideration or the administrative litigation. Legal rights and interests. The fourth chapter, compensation for damage in the performance of the generation. This part is mainly about how the administrative organs or the third party should give relief to the damage to the obligor when they perform their performance. The administrative organs, as a substitute for pedestrians, can be remedied through administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, and administrative compensation. For the third party, it is more complicated to infringe on the obligor. It is necessary for the administrative agency to perform the Commission of the third party in fact, and it is necessary to distinguish between the third persons or the private act for the damage to the third party. The damage to the public affairs can be directly requested by the administrative agency. Compensation, the damage caused by private behavior should be directly requesting third people for compensation. Fifth chapter, the perfect proposal of our country's performance system. This part mainly discusses from five aspects: the scope of application of the expansion of the performance of the generation: the establishment of the performance system under the circumstances of the obligor's inability to fulfill its obligations, for example, the establishment of a special foundation; and so on; The selection criteria and procedures for the third party are good; the Price Bureau establishes the highest collection standard for the cost of performance; the law clearly stipulates the right to claim damages.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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