我国公民环境公益诉讼制度的构建

发布时间：2018-06-12 11:38

本文选题：环境公益诉讼 + 公民环境权　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的迅猛发展,生态环境也逐渐恶化。伴随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越追求对自然生态环境的精神享受。在现实生活中,不乏许多环保人士,他们热衷于环境公益事业,他们拥有强烈的诉求,若不赋予公民个人环境公益诉讼原告资格,不但纵容环境侵害者逍遥法外,而且不利于环境的及时有效治理。我国目前并未构建公民环境公益诉讼制度,相较于国外,我国环境公益诉讼立法起步较晚,司法实践也不成熟,相关的理论研究并不十分完善,严重影响公民环境公益诉讼制度的构建。公民环境公益诉讼是指公民个人为维护集体利益、多数人利益而提起的环境公益诉讼。国外许多国家都已经建立了比较完备的公民环境公益诉讼制度,特别是美国,在具体制度设置上的些许成功经验值得我国借鉴。在理论上,公民环境公益诉讼制度的构建是符合诉权理论、诉讼信托理论以及公众参与理论的,联系我国国情,现有环境公益诉讼未规定公民个人为原告主体、司法实践中的困境以及保护环境的需要都要求我们构建公民环境公益诉讼制度,此外,我国现有法律及司法实践的支持、国外成功经验的可借鉴性以及社会各界环保意识的提高使得在我国构建公民环境公益诉讼制度切实可行。因此,为了更好地保护环境公共利益,应该明确公民环境公益诉讼若干问题的解决途径,包括原告主体的认定、受案范围的扩大、前置程序的设置、诉讼时效的合理设置、举证责任的合理分配、诉讼费用承担方式的明确、环境公益律师制度的设立、全社会扶助公民环境公益诉讼的措施的制定以及防止滥诉对策的制定等途径。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the ecological environment is deteriorating gradually. With the improvement of living standard, people are pursuing the spiritual enjoyment of natural ecological environment more and more. In real life, there are many environmentalists who are keen on environmental public welfare. They have strong demands. If citizens are not qualified as plaintiffs in environmental public interest litigation, they will not only connive at the impunity of environmental aggressors. Moreover, it is not conducive to the timely and effective management of the environment. At present, our country has not constructed a civil environmental public interest litigation system. Compared with foreign countries, the legislation of environmental public interest litigation in our country started relatively late, and judicial practice is not mature. The related theoretical research is not very perfect, which seriously affects the construction of citizens' environmental public interest litigation system. Citizen environmental public interest litigation refers to the environmental public interest litigation brought by individual citizens in order to protect the collective interests and the interests of most people. Many foreign countries have established a relatively complete civil environmental public interest litigation system, especially in the United States, some successful experience in the specific system is worthy of our country's reference. In theory, the construction of citizen environmental public interest litigation system is in line with the litigation right theory, litigation trust theory and public participation theory, in connection with the national conditions of our country, the existing environmental public interest litigation does not stipulate that individual citizen is the main body of the plaintiff. The difficulties in the judicial practice and the need to protect the environment require us to construct the civil environmental public interest litigation system. In addition, the current law and judicial practice of our country support, The successful experience of foreign countries and the improvement of environmental awareness of all walks of life make it feasible to construct the civil environmental public interest litigation system in our country. Therefore, in order to better protect the public interests of the environment, it is necessary to clarify the ways to solve some problems in citizen's environmental public interest litigation, including the determination of the plaintiff's subject, the expansion of the scope of the case, the setting of the pre-procedure, and the reasonable setting of the limitation of action. The reasonable distribution of the burden of proof, the clear way to bear the costs of litigation, the establishment of the system of environmental public interest lawyers, the formulation of measures to assist citizens in environmental public interest litigation and the formulation of countermeasures to prevent the abuse of litigation.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6;D925.1

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