论我国传统知识专门权利制度的构建——兼论已文献化传统知识的主体界定

发布时间：2018-06-12 23:13

本文选题：传统知识 + 散播型传统知识　；参考：《政治与法律》2015年01期

【摘要】：多年来,传统知识(尤其是中医药典籍等已经文献化的传统知识)一直被认为已经进入公共领域而不受知识产权制度的保护,传统知识"产权"这一课题因其主体界定的困境而陷入两难。从国际法和法政策学角度分析公共领域、传统知识和知识产权三者间既冲突又依存的关系可以看到,在传统知识主体界定的理论基础上,我国对散播型传统知识建立专门权利制度具有合法性与可行性;对与遗传资源相关的内核性传统知识应重申国家主导型集体主义私权保护模式,应在充分尊重习惯法的基础上根据不同传统知识的主体类型分别制定保护策略、平衡利益关系;对传统文化的外在表现形式,则应以公权路径为主来保护和保存。《生物多样性公约》和WIPO体系对传统知识保护已经确立了"事先知情同意"与"公平公正的惠益分享"等权能,在此基础上,对我国特色类型的传统知识应复归一种准"权利",并在立法上就其权利主体、权利内容和权利救济等设置系统的法律制度。
[Abstract]:For many years, traditional knowledge (especially traditional knowledge that has been documented, such as traditional Chinese medicine books) has been considered to have entered the public domain without being protected by the intellectual property system. Traditional knowledge property right is a dilemma because of the dilemma of its subject definition. From the angle of international law and legal policy, the conflict and dependence of traditional knowledge and intellectual property can be seen in the public domain. On the basis of the theory of defining the subject of traditional knowledge, It is legal and feasible for our country to establish a special right system for spreading traditional knowledge, and to the core traditional knowledge related to genetic resources, we should reaffirm the mode of national leading collectivism private right protection. On the basis of full respect for customary law, protection strategies should be formulated according to different types of subjects of traditional knowledge to balance the relationship of interests. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the WIPO system have established such competencies as "prior informed consent" and "fair and equitable benefit-sharing" for the protection of traditional knowledge, on the basis of which the Convention on Biological Diversity and the WIPO system have established such competencies as "prior informed consent" and "fair and equitable benefit-sharing", The traditional knowledge with Chinese characteristics should be returned to a quasi-" right ", and a systematic legal system should be set up on the subject, content and remedy of the right in legislation.
【作者单位】：不来梅大学;
【基金】：德国联邦和各州学术英才计划研究课题“中国和欧盟的知识产权执行”(批准号:ABPZuK-07/2013)专项经费资助的阶段性成果~~
【分类号】：D996.9;D922.16

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