论我国转基因食品标识立法的完善

发布时间：2018-06-16 00:45

本文选题：转基因食品标识 + 理论基础　；参考：《广东财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：转基因技术和转基因食品近年来成为人们关注的焦点,科学界对于转基因食品的安全性论战不断,但至今尚无定论。对转基因食品予以标识,一方面将食品的转基因特性信息进行披露,是保障消费者知情权的体现;另一方面标识是转基因食品监管体系和信息体系的基础。转基因食品的标识不单是科学问题,同时涉及多方面的利益,制度的设计也要综合考虑可行性和执行成本,因而选择何种转基因食品标识制度、如何进行具体的立法设计是需要慎重考虑的问题。本文第一部分首先对转基因食品标识的基本理论予以探讨,着重分析转基因食品标识立法的两大理论基础,即消费者知情权和风险预防原则在转基因食品标识立法中的运用。消费者知情权原则为转基因食品标识立法提供了较强的法律依据,但是消费者知情权是一项相对权,与转基因食品经营者的自主经营权是同位阶的权利,在权利相冲突的情况下,消费者者知情权原则的地位会被削弱;风险预防原则的适用往往受立法者的风险意识影响,转基因食品的自愿标识忽视了风险预防原则,强制标识则是是一种弱的风险预防措施。第二部分对我国的转基因食品标识立法进行批判性考察。通过梳理我国相关立法实践,总结出我国现有的转基因食品标识立法具有依附性特点,同时对转基因食品标识立法内容进行了归纳整理,指出我国转基因标识立法上的不足带来执行困难的问题,突出表现为标识标准不具操作性、监管机关的职责划分不明确。第三部分立足本国国情,借鉴域外转基因食品标识管理经验,提出相应的立法完善的总体思路。执法源于立法,转基因食品标识立法的执行依赖于完善的法律规定、统一明确的标识规范和有力的监管,本文将在转基因食品标识立法内容和执行层面提出相应的建议。在立法层面,本文不赞成对转基因食品安全专门立法和更新转基因生物标识目录,而应将重点放在立法内容的完善上,建议增加阀值、致敏性标识的规定;强化违反标识义务的法律责任,建立转基因食品标识的民事侵权责任;同时明确监管部门的分工和配合。针对执行层面存在的问题,本文建议对标识规范予以细化,改革转基因食品标识的监管模式,同时对转基因食品标识的配套检测制度予以完善。
[Abstract]:Transgenic technology and genetically modified food have become the focus of attention in recent years. The scientific community has been debating the safety of genetically modified food, but there is no final conclusion yet. On the one hand, it is the embodiment of protecting consumers' right to know to disclose the information of genetically modified food; on the other hand, marking is the basis of the regulatory system and information system of genetically modified food. The labeling of genetically modified foods is not only a scientific issue, but also involves a variety of interests. The design of the system also needs to take into account the feasibility and the cost of implementation, so as to select what kind of labelling system for genetically modified foods. How to carry on the concrete legislation design is the question which needs careful consideration. In the first part of this paper, the basic theory of GM food labeling is discussed, and the application of consumer's right to know and the principle of risk prevention in the legislation of GM food labeling is analyzed. The principle of consumers' right to know provides a strong legal basis for the legislation of GM food labeling, but the consumer's right to know is a relative right, which is in the same position as the right of GM food operators to operate independently. In the case of conflicting rights, the status of the right to know principle of consumers will be weakened; the application of risk prevention principle is often influenced by the risk consciousness of legislators, and the voluntary labeling of genetically modified food ignores the risk prevention principle. Mandatory marking is a weak risk prevention measure. The second part carries on the critical investigation to our country's GM food labeling legislation. Through combing the relevant legislative practice in our country, the author concludes that the existing legislation of GM food labeling has the characteristics of dependence, and at the same time, summarizes the legislative content of GM food labeling. It is pointed out that the lack of legislation on the identification of genetically modified genes leads to the difficulties of implementation, which shows that the marking standard is not operable, and the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities are not clearly divided. In the third part, based on the national conditions and drawing lessons from the management experience of foreign GM food labeling, the author puts forward the overall idea of legislation perfection. Law enforcement originates from legislation, and the enforcement of GM food labeling legislation depends on perfect legal provisions, unified and clear labeling norms and strong supervision. This paper will put forward corresponding suggestions in the legislative content and executive level of GM food labeling. On the legislative level, this paper does not agree with the special legislation on GM food safety and updating the list of GMOs, but should focus on the improvement of the legislative content, and suggests to increase the threshold and the provisions of sensitizing marking; Strengthen the legal responsibility of violating the obligation of marking, establish the civil tort liability of the labeling of genetically modified food, and clarify the division of labor and cooperation of the supervision department. In view of the problems existing in the executive level, this paper proposes to refine the label specification, reform the regulatory model of GM food labeling, and improve the matching detection system of GM food labeling.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.16

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