动物福利的立法研究

发布时间：2018-06-18 07:24

本文选题：动物保护 + 动物福利　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在人类的传统理念中,动物一直被看作是人类的附属物,它们可以被人类随意利用甚至杀害,人类并不关注动物的生存和感知。而动物作为大自然的一个重要组成部分,它们不仅享有自由生存的权利,也具有和人类一样感知痛苦和快乐权利,人类在社会的发展进程中,除了应关注经济的腾飞还需要做好与自然的和谐发展。随着社会文明的发展,人们开始关注动物的生存和情感,从禁止虐待动物发展到主动去保护动物,进而提出了“动物福利”这一概念。本文第一部分为引言。第二部分为动物福利立法的基本概述,根据国内外学界对动物福利的内涵的理解,分别阐述了动物福利基本概念、动物福利的伦理基础、动物的法律地位,并追溯了动物福利法的起源,后以美国、欧盟国家为例,分析了国外动物福利立法的发展及特点。“福利”一词原先只是针对人类而言,并不涉及动物,但美国人休斯首次将“福利”一词应用于动物身上,并将其定义为：要保证动物的精神和生理完全健康,与其生存环境协调一致。随后,世界各地都开始关注动物保护问题,但因人类受经济利益的驱使,动物长期以来因人类利用而所承受的痛苦仍在继续。为了更好的开展动物保护工作,有些国家将对动物的保护上升到了法律层面,用法律约束力监督动物保护工作。英国人道主义者理查·马丁于1822年公开提出了著名的《马丁法案》,这是世界上第一部反对人类任意虐待动物的法令,为人类保护动物立法开创了先河。随着社会的发展,世界各国都确定了形形色色的与动物保护相关的立法,并且有的已经将动物福利单独立法。据统计,在全世界范围内有超过一百个国家(或地区)确立了动物福利的专项立法,并且在后续的实施过程中不断地加以完善与修正。这些国家(或地区)的动物福利法的有效实施对我国现阶段动物福利保护相关工作具有现实的借鉴作用。第三部分结合我国当前动物福利立法的现状,对我国动物福利立法存在的问题作出分析。我国目前主要存在着动物保护的立法体系不健全、处罚力度不足、实际可操作性不强及监管体系不完善等问题。第四部分主要根据前几部分的动物福利立法的国际环境及我国目前动物福利立法的现状探讨了建立我国动物福利法的必要性和可行性。我国动物福利立法是国际贸易、社会文明进步及公民健康安全的需要,并且我国公民动物保护意识的增强及我国前期对动物保护工作的法律建设都为我国动物福利立法奠定了基础。第五部分结合本文前述内容及我国当前法律环境对我国确立符合国情的动物福利法提出了建议。第一,我国需要制定一部相对独立的动物福利法；第二,我国需要完善对动物福利法的监管体制。
[Abstract]:In the traditional concept of human beings, animals are always regarded as appendages of human beings. They can be used or even killed by human beings at will. Human beings do not pay attention to the survival and perception of animals. As an important part of nature, animals not only enjoy the right to live freely, but also have the same rights as human beings to feel pain and happiness. In addition to the need to pay attention to the rapid development of the economy also needs to do well with the harmonious development of nature. With the development of social civilization, people begin to pay attention to the survival and emotion of animals, from prohibiting mistreatment of animals to actively protecting animals, and then putting forward the concept of "animal welfare". The first part of this paper is the introduction. The second part is the basic overview of animal welfare legislation. According to the understanding of the connotation of animal welfare, the basic concept of animal welfare, the ethical basis of animal welfare, and the legal status of animal are expounded respectively. The origin of animal welfare law is traced back and the development and characteristics of animal welfare legislation in foreign countries are analyzed by taking the United States and European Union as examples. The term "welfare" was originally intended only for humans and did not refer to animals, but for the first time American Hughes applied the word "welfare" to animals and defined it as ensuring the complete mental and physical health of animals. In harmony with its living environment. Later, the world began to pay attention to animal protection, but because of the economic interests of human beings, animals have long suffered from human use and continue to suffer. In order to better carry out the work of animal protection, some countries raise the protection of animals to the level of law, and supervise the work of animal protection with legal binding force. Richard Martin, a British humanist, put forward the famous Martin Act in 1822, which was the first law against the arbitrary mistreatment of animals by human beings, which opened the way for the legislation of the protection of animals. With the development of society, all countries in the world have confirmed various laws related to animal protection, and some have made separate legislation on animal welfare. According to statistics, more than 100 countries (or regions) in the world have established special legislation on animal welfare, and in the course of subsequent implementation, it has been constantly improved and amended. The effective implementation of animal welfare law in these countries (or regions) has practical reference function for the related work of animal welfare protection in our country at present. The third part analyzes the existing problems of animal welfare legislation in China according to the current situation of animal welfare legislation in China. At present, there are some problems in our country, such as imperfect legislation system of animal protection, insufficient punishment, weak practical operability and imperfect supervision system. The fourth part mainly discusses the necessity and feasibility of establishing animal welfare law according to the international environment of animal welfare legislation and the current situation of animal welfare legislation in China. The animal welfare legislation of our country is the need of international trade, social civilization progress and citizen's health and safety. Moreover, the enhancement of citizen's consciousness of animal protection and the legal construction of animal protection in the early period of our country have laid the foundation for the legislation of animal welfare in our country. The fifth part puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of animal welfare law in accordance with the situation of our country combined with the contents of this paper and the current legal environment of our country. First, our country needs to formulate a relatively independent animal welfare law; second, our country needs to perfect the supervision system of animal welfare law.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

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