我国环境押金法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 15:00

本文选题：环境押金 + 固体废物　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在以“减量化、再利用、再循环”(3Rs)为准则的循环经济理念的指导下,很多国家（地区）都开始采取环境押金制度来解决境内的废弃物回收再利用。在固体废物回收方面,相比较另两种固体废弃物管理机制(预付处置费、回收补贴)而言,押金返还制度都是一种低成本且高效的政策。环境押金没有预付费、产品消费税等存在的弊端(导致生产过渡缩减),也没有回收补贴所引发的副作用(刺激产品的过度消费),此外环境押金制度还能改善并促进环境友好设计。因此,押金制度是一种公认的在对消费者行为进行规范、内部化环境成本、促进回收率提高等方面都堪称理想的制度设计。该制度在世界上有着广泛应用,拥有众多成功经验,近年来也一直都受到学者们的推崇,成为一些国家（地区）解决固体废物污染问题的经济手段。随着我国经济的持续发展,人们的消费水平较过去有了很大提高,越来越多消费的同时也产生了大量固体废物。固体废弃物处理已经成了我国目前亟需解决的一大问题。2008年出台的《中华人民共和国循环经济促进法》在3Rs原则的指导下,明确了生产者责任延伸原则,并首次提出对环境押金制度这一固体废弃物回收方式的肯定。本文共分为四大部分。第一部分对环境押金制度进行了概述,首先从环境押金的概念和性质入手,对环境押金概念作出了界定,并将环境押金与相关概念相对比,以明确其性质及特征。然后,对环境押金制度的理论基础进行论述,分别从法学基础和经济学基础两个方面进行分析。第二部分论述了域外的环境押金制度,通过对瑞典、德国、美国和我国台湾地区在不同时期针对不同产品所采取的环境押金制度进行研究与分析,对比总结出了可以为我国环境押金制度所用的经验。第三部分是对我国现有的与环境押金制度有关立法及实践的分析,通过对相关法律法规及实践的梳理,提出了我国实行环境押金制度所存在的问题。第四部分是我国环境押金制度的构建,在环境押金制度推行时间、环境押金征收范围、环境押金管理和环境押金返还四个方面为我国环境押金制度的构建提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of "reduce, reuse, recycle" (3Rs) concept of circular economy, many countries (regions) begin to adopt environmental deposit system to solve the domestic waste recovery and reuse. In terms of solid waste recovery, the deposit return system is a low-cost and efficient policy compared with the other two solid waste management mechanisms (prepaid disposal fee, recovery subsidy). The environmental deposit is not prepaid, There are some drawbacks, such as product consumption tax (which leads to excessive reduction of production), no side effects caused by recycling subsidies (stimulating excessive consumption of products), and environmental deposit system can also improve and promote environmentally friendly design. Therefore, the deposit system is an ideal system design in regulating consumer behavior, internalizing environmental costs and promoting recovery. This system is widely used in the world and has many successful experiences. In recent years, it has been praised by scholars and become an economic means to solve the problem of solid waste pollution in some countries (regions). With the sustainable development of our economy, people's consumption level has been greatly improved compared with the past, more and more consumption has also produced a large number of solid waste. Solid waste disposal has become a big problem that needs to be solved in our country at present. Under the guidance of the 3Rs principle, the "Circular economy Promotion Law of the people's Republic of China" issued in 2008 defines the principle of extending producer responsibility. It is the first time to affirm the environmental deposit system as a solid waste recovery method. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part gives an overview of the environmental deposit system, starting with the concept and nature of the environmental deposit, defines the concept of the environmental deposit, and compares the environmental deposit with the related concepts in order to clarify its nature and characteristics. Then, the theoretical basis of the environmental deposit system is discussed, respectively from the legal basis and the economic basis of two aspects. The second part discusses the extraterritorial environmental deposit system, through the Sweden, Germany, the United States and Taiwan in different periods of time for different products of the environmental deposit system to carry out research and analysis. The experience that can be used for environmental deposit system in China is compared and summarized. The third part is the analysis of the existing legislation and practice of the environmental deposit system in China, through the combing of the relevant laws and regulations and practice, put forward the problems existing in the implementation of the environmental deposit system in China. The fourth part is the construction of the environmental deposit system in China. It puts forward some suggestions for the construction of the environmental deposit system in four aspects: the time of the implementation of the environmental deposit system, the scope of environmental deposit collection, the management of environmental deposit and the return of environmental deposit.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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