论环境法上的“公众”

发布时间：2018-07-27 20:50

【摘要】：当今社会雾霾日益严重,环境保护已经成为全社会共同的话题,对于环境和生态的保护是人类共同面对的问题。环境利益事关每个生活在环境中的人的生命、健康,具有公共性,因此广大“公众”参与环境保护,维护环境利益是必须的。从公众参与环境保护的角度来说,“公众”是环境法中相当重要的概念,环境问题的解决也需要公众的参与,因此对于“公众”这一概念进行分析是研究环境法的一项重要任务。然而,“公众”一词最开始并不是应用在环境法领域,而是随着环境问题的加剧而逐渐应用到环境法领域的。本文在进行研究时,先从其他学科来分析“公众”的一般理论,进而分析环境法中的“公众”,研究域外的环境法律关于“公众”的理论并进而在结合我国实际的基础上借鉴其先进理论制度,然后分析我国环境法中关于“公众”的现状,发现其中的不足并提出完善建议,促进公众参与环境保护,避免“搭便车”的行为。本文分四个部分介绍了环境法上的“公众”,分别从“公众”的一般理论、典型域外环境法律中关于“公众”的规定以及相关理论、我国环境法律中对“公众”的规定及其不足之处,最后从自然人、法人、环保组织、政府机构四个角度出发,来介绍在我国的环境法律中应如何明确“公众”的范围,提高“公众”参与环境事务决策的积极性与主动性,为拥有健康的生活、生态环境做贡献。本文最主要的目的在于通过对各个学科以及其他国家的“公众”的理论进行研究分析,从中总结理论经验为我国环境法中的“公众”的界定提供一个指引方向,从而得以确定“公众”的外延,使得“公众”更加积极主动参与环境保护工作。综上,本文从上述四个方面对“公众”的概念进行阐述,希望能够促进公众积极参与环境保护,但是由于理论水平有限,可能在对“公众”的范围进行分析时有不尽完善之处,许多观点也只是个人观点,尚不成熟,有待指正。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, haze is becoming more and more serious, environmental protection has become a common topic in the whole society, and the protection of environment and ecology is a common problem for human beings. The environmental interest is related to the life, health and publicity of every person living in the environment, so it is necessary for the "public" to participate in the environmental protection and safeguard the environmental interests. From the perspective of public participation in environmental protection, "public" is a very important concept in environmental law, and the solution of environmental problems also requires public participation. Therefore, the analysis of the concept of "public" is an important task in the study of environmental law. However, the term "public" was not used in the field of environmental law at first, but gradually applied to the field of environmental law with the aggravation of environmental problems. In this paper, we first analyze the general theory of "public" from other disciplines, and then analyze the "public" in environmental law. This paper studies the theory of "public" in overseas environmental law and draws lessons from its advanced theoretical system on the basis of combining with our country's reality, then analyzes the present situation of "public" in environmental law of our country, finds out the deficiency in it and puts forward some suggestions to perfect it. Promote public participation in environmental protection and avoid hitchhiking. This paper introduces the "public" in environmental law in four parts, including the general theory of "public", the regulations of "public" in typical extraterritorial environmental laws, and the relevant theories. Finally, from four angles of natural person, legal person, environmental protection organization and government organization, this paper introduces how to define the scope of "public" in environmental law of our country. Improve the enthusiasm and initiative of "public" participation in environmental decision-making, and contribute to a healthy life and ecological environment. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a guiding direction for the definition of "public" in China's environmental law by studying and analyzing the theories of "public" in various disciplines and other countries. Thus, the extension of "public" can be determined, and the "public" can take an active part in environmental protection. In summary, this paper expounds the concept of "public" from the above four aspects, hoping to promote the public's active participation in environmental protection, but due to the limited theoretical level, it may not be perfect in the analysis of the scope of "public". Many views are only personal views, not yet mature, yet to be corrected.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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