我国医疗侵权的惩罚性赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 18:34

【摘要】：近年来，因医疗侵权而引发的“医闹”事故频发，其中大多是因为医疗纠纷发生后，医患之间就赔偿问题无法达成一致，患者及其家属对医疗机构缺乏信任，矛盾不断激化，患者以及他们的家属就使用围堵医院等非正当形式来维护权益。医疗侵权对病患者及其家属的人身财产权等权益会造成极大伤害，而我国医疗领域现存法律规定除了医疗产品侵权明确适用惩罚性赔偿，其他类型医疗侵权适用传统同质补偿的补偿性赔偿原则，患者及其家属的损害并不能得以完全补偿。惩罚性赔偿制度具有补偿性赔偿制度所不具备的预防与惩戒功效，能够遏制医护人员诊疗行为中的医疗侵权，同时激励患者及其家属通过合法渠道去维护自身的合法权益，而不是通过“医闹”等非法行为维护自身权益，惩罚性赔偿在医疗侵权领域中的适用对构建和谐医患环境具有无可比拟的作用。因此在医疗侵权领域我国应该进一步加大适用于惩罚性损害赔偿责任的类型化范围，从而真正实现公平与正义的目标。该文章拟对其有关基本理论进行分析，研究我国在医疗侵权领域扩大适用惩罚性赔偿制度的实然、必然、可然与应然，，为更好的预防和制裁情节严重的医疗侵权行为，医疗侵权被侵权人得以充分救济，维护医疗秩序的稳定。本文主要包括除了引言和结语之外的五个部分，内容如下：第一章阐明医疗侵权的惩罚性损害赔偿制度的理论加以具体分析。即首先从医疗侵权的相关基本理论的概念入手，再对医疗侵权惩罚性赔偿制度的概念进行界定，对其分类、性质与功能进行分析，为后文论述我国医疗侵权领域内扩大惩罚性赔偿制度的适用究奠定理论基础。第二章考察我国医疗侵权中损害赔偿制度的实然性。即首先从法律文本上探讨我国《民法通则》中对民事领域侵权损害赔偿原则规定的不透明性；然后探究我国医疗侵权中惩罚性赔偿仅适用医疗产品侵权的的狭隘性，指出问题与不足，为下文研究对策做好准备。第三章探讨我国医疗侵权扩大适用惩罚性赔偿制度必然性。即主要研究在医疗侵权领域过多适用传统补偿性赔偿制度的各种不足与缺陷，而惩罚性赔偿的四大功能正好可以消弭补偿性赔偿的各种缺陷，惩罚性损害赔偿制度对充分救济患者及其家属意义重大。第四章探究我国医疗侵权扩大适用惩罚性赔偿制度的可然性。即立足于前文实然与必然的研究基础上，探讨我国医疗侵权扩大适用惩罚性赔偿制度的可然性。首先我国历史传统与社会生活中具有浓厚的惩罚性损害赔偿的思想；其次基于遏制欺诈与保护生命健康权的需要，医疗侵权亦可以像《消费者权益保护法》以及《食品安全法》规定的那样对情节严重的侵权者施以惩罚性赔偿。而且我国部分地区地方立法中已经对医患关系适用惩罚性赔偿做出了实践，并且取得很好的效果。第五章研究我国医疗侵权扩大适用惩罚性赔偿制度的应然性。即是主要论证我国医疗侵权领域惩罚性损害赔偿首先应坚持“以补偿性为主，惩罚性为辅”的这一原则模式；并明确适当扩大我国医疗侵权中的惩罚性赔偿制度具体构成要件以及配套制度的构建。
[Abstract]:In recent years, medical malpractices caused by medical infringement have occurred frequently, mostly because doctors and patients can not reach an agreement on compensation after medical disputes occur, patients and their families lack trust in medical institutions, contradictions continue to intensify, patients and their families use unfair forms such as blocking hospitals to safeguard their rights and interests. Medical infringement will cause great harm to the rights and interests of patients and their family members, such as personal property rights. However, the existing laws in the medical field stipulate that in addition to the punitive damages for infringement of medical products, other types of medical infringement apply the compensatory principle of traditional homogeneous compensation, and the damage of patients and their family members can not be complete. Compensation. Punitive damages system has the preventive and disciplinary effect that compensatory damages system does not have. It can restrain medical tort in medical staff's diagnosis and treatment, and encourage patients and their families to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests through legal channels, instead of safeguarding their rights and interests through illegal acts such as "medical malpractice" and punitive damages. The application of compensation in the field of medical tort plays an incomparable role in building a harmonious doctor-patient environment. Therefore, in the field of medical tort, China should further expand the scope of classification of liability for punitive damages, so as to truly achieve the goal of fairness and justice. In order to prevent and punish medical infringement with serious circumstances, the infringed party of medical infringement can fully relieve and maintain the stability of medical order.
This article mainly includes five parts besides the introduction and conclusion. The contents are as follows:
The first chapter expounds the theory of the punitive damages system of medical tort and analyzes it concretely, that is, the concept of the punitive damages system of medical tort is first defined from the basic theory of medical tort, and then the classification, nature and function of the punitive damages system of medical tort are analyzed. The application of penal compensation system lays a theoretical foundation.
Chapter 2 examines the practicality of the system of compensation for damages in medical tort in China, that is, the opacity of the principle of compensation for damages in tort in the civil field stipulated in the General Principles of the Civil Law of China is first discussed from the legal text, and then the narrowness of the application of punitive damages in medical tort in China is explored, and the problems and shortcomings are pointed out. Prepare for the following study of countermeasures.
Chapter three discusses the inevitability of expanding the application of punitive damages in medical infringement in China.It mainly studies the shortcomings and defects of excessive application of traditional compensatory damages in the field of medical infringement. Ji patients and their families are of great significance.
Chapter Four explores the possibility of expanding the application of punitive damages in medical tort in China. In order to curb fraud and protect the right to life and health, medical infringement can also impose punitive damages on serious infringers as stipulated in Consumer Protection Law and Food Safety Law. Very good results.
The fifth chapter studies the necessity of expanding the application of punitive damages in medical infringement in China, that is to say, the punitive damages in the field of medical infringement should first adhere to the principle of "compensatory mainly, punitive supplementary"; and make clear the specific composition of the punitive damages system in medical infringement in China. Elements and supporting system construction.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923

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