交通事故责任配置的定性和行为激励研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 20:34

【摘要】：理论界对《道路交通安全法》有很多的争议，这些争议的目的都是期望该法可以在更佳的程度上得以实施，更好地服务于社会，争论的焦点主要是集中于第76条。比如大量的学者认为司机与行人发生交通事故时，对其双方进行责任配置的归责原则的定性不同的观点；另外还有的学者对现行法是否给司机和行人提供最优的激励进行了研究。关于第76条的争论还有很多。笔者在本文仅从两个角度进行分析，即司机与行人之间责任配置的性质定性，以及在定性基础上对司机与行人之间责任配置的激励状况进行法经济学的分析，老题新做，发现不足并提出自己的见解。本文首先对司机与行人责任配置定性，从资料梳理中发现现行定性中存在的问题，对这些问题进行分析后，笔者提出自己的观点，，认为司机与行人之间交通事故责任配置性质应当定性为过错责任与补偿责任的综合体；紧接着在定性的基础上，笔者通过法经济学中常用的博弈矩阵分析的方法，通过成本-收益分析对现行法下司机与行人之间的激励情况进行分析，在更为直观的层面提出，司机方的责任配置份额应当细化，并且不应当过分倾斜地保护行人一方。赋予司机方过重的注意义务会使其预防投入过高，其将没有激励去保持适度预防，无助于交通事故减少。《道路交通安全法》的立法目的是保护交通安全，维护交通秩序，降低交通事故的发生概率，宗旨在于“以人为本”，要真正做到如此，从法律层面至少要保证相关法律法规的尽量完善，更好为实践服务。
[Abstract]:There are many controversies about the Road Traffic Safety Law in the theoretical circle. The purpose of these controversies is to hope that the law can be implemented to a better extent and serve the society better. The focus of the controversy is mainly on Article 76. For example, a large number of scholars think that drivers and pedestrians in traffic accidents, the allocation of responsibility for both sides of the principle of liability qualitative differences; Other scholars have studied whether the current law provides optimal incentives for drivers and pedestrians. There is still much debate about article 76. In this paper, the author only analyzes from two angles, that is, the nature and nature of responsibility allocation between drivers and pedestrians, and the incentive status of responsibility allocation between drivers and pedestrians on the basis of qualitative analysis. Find out what's wrong and put forward your own ideas. In this paper, first of all, the qualitative analysis of driver and pedestrian responsibility allocation, from the data combing found the existing problems in the qualitative analysis of these problems, the author put forward his own point of view, The author thinks that the nature of traffic accident liability allocation between drivers and pedestrians should be defined as the combination of fault liability and compensation liability, and then, on the basis of qualitative analysis, the author adopts the method of game matrix analysis, which is commonly used in law and economics. Through cost-benefit analysis, the paper analyzes the incentive situation between driver and pedestrian under the current law, and puts forward that the allocation share of driver's responsibility should be refined, and the pedestrian should not be too inclined to protect the pedestrian. Giving drivers too much duty of care will lead to excessive investment in prevention, and it will have no incentive to maintain proper prevention, which will not help reduce traffic accidents. The legislative purpose of the Road Traffic Safety Law is to protect traffic safety and maintain traffic order. To reduce the probability of traffic accidents, the aim is "people-oriented", to really do so, from the legal level at least to ensure that the relevant laws and regulations as far as possible to better serve the practice.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.14

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