我国网络募捐的法律问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-17 17:43
【摘要】：《中华人民共和国慈善法》(以下简称《慈善法》)的颁布预示着我国的慈善事业将进入一个崭新的篇章,出现了全民参与慈善的情景,慈善再也不是极少数富有人的专利,广大人民群众也通过各种各样的方式来积极参与其中。传统的慈善理念也随着互联网时代的来临而转变,衍生出新型慈善募捐方式——网络募捐。作为互联网慈善的主要募捐形式,网络募捐具有独特优点的同时在实施过程中也存在较多问题。如何甄别网络上真假难辨的求助信息,真正的帮助到需要帮助的人;如何行使捐赠者的知情权;如何监管网络募捐行为,有效防止网络诈捐、骗捐的现象屡屡发生,这些都是网络募捐有待解决的问题。为了有效的解决网络募捐在实践中的问题,更好地借助这种新兴的募捐方式来“广发善心”,推进网络募捐有序发展势在必行。只有建立法律规制、政府监管、行业自律三位一体的综合监管制度才能有效遏制网络诈捐、骗捐的发生。本文就我国网络募捐为研究对象,首先,从立法、政府监管、慈善行业三方面剖析了网络募捐存在的问题;其次,借鉴美国网络募捐的经验,参照其较为完善的法律体系与监管体系,总结出我国对此问题的启示;最后,综合我国慈善事业实际情况,提出相应问题的解决措施。本文主要从以下四部分对网络募捐法律问题进行分析研究:第一部分是网络募捐的基本概述。笔者首先阐述了网络募捐的概念;其次分析了网络募捐的四点特征:行为主体特殊、募捐方式特殊、募捐行为具有自发性和人身属性、募捐活动低成本高效率性;最后介绍了网络募捐产生的背景。第二部分是我国网络募捐主要存在的问题。笔者从三方面分析了该问题:第一是立法问题;第二是政府监管问题;第三是行业自身问题。例如,网络募捐定罪量刑的缺失、行政法规的不健全、网络募捐政府监管的缺失、信息公开及其反馈的机制缺失等突出问题。第三部分介绍了美国规制网络募捐的经验。主要是从美国慈善法律法规的概况及对我国的启示两方面来阐述。美国网络募捐的法律是在世界各国中较早确立的,有着完善的立法及监管机制,为我国网络募捐的立法与监管提供了很好的经验与借鉴,如要求网络募捐采取登记制度、建立良好的网络环境、采用税收激励政策等,从而促进我国慈善事业的健康发展。第四部分,介绍了网络募捐问题的解决措施。从完善立法、完善政府监管以及健全慈善行业内部相关机制三方面来解决前面第二部分所列举出的问题。立法方面,建议网络诈捐、骗捐入刑;健全相关行政法规;政府监管方面,设立专门的机构监管网络募捐;完善剩余善款的管理制度;建立网络募捐申报许可制度;增加税收优惠政策;规范慈善行业内部方面,积极构建网络募捐平台;增设个人隐私保护机制;建立信息可信度考量机制。
[Abstract]:The promulgation of the Charity Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Charity Law) indicates that China's charitable undertakings will enter a new chapter, and the whole people will participate in charity. Charity is no longer the patent of a very few rich people, and the broad masses of the people will actively participate in it through various means. As the main form of Internet charity, Internet fundraising has its unique advantages, but there are also many problems in the implementation process. How to distinguish the true and false information on the Internet, really help to the needs of help. How to exercise the donor's right to know, how to supervise the online donation, how to effectively prevent network fraud, fraudulent donation, these are the problems to be solved. Only by establishing a comprehensive supervision system which integrates legal regulation, government supervision and industry self-discipline can we effectively curb the occurrence of network fraud and donation fraud. Secondly, draw lessons from the experience of the United States network fund-raising, referring to its relatively perfect legal system and regulatory system, summed up the Enlightenment of China on this issue; finally, based on the actual situation of China's philanthropy, put forward the corresponding measures to solve the problem. The author first expounds the concept of network fund-raising, then analyzes the four characteristics of network fund-raising: special actors, special ways of fund-raising, spontaneous and personal attributes of fund-raising behavior, low cost and high efficiency of fund-raising activities; finally introduces the background of network fund-raising. The author analyzes the main problems in donation from three aspects: first, legislation; second, government supervision; third, the industry itself. The third part introduces the experience of regulating Internet fundraising in the United States, mainly from two aspects: the general situation of American charity laws and regulations and the enlightenment to our country. Examination and reference, such as the requirement of the registration system, the establishment of a good network environment, the use of tax incentive policies, so as to promote the healthy development of China's charity. Part IV, introduced the solution to the problem of network fund-raising. From three aspects to improve legislation, improve government supervision and improve the internal mechanism of the charity industry. To solve the problems enumerated in the second part of the preceding part, the author suggests that the network fraudulent donation, fraudulent donation penalty; improve the relevant administrative laws and regulations; government supervision, set up a special agency to supervise the network fund-raising; improve the management system of surplus charity; establish a network fund-raising declaration and licensing system; increase tax preferential policies; standardize the internal parties of the charity industry. We should actively build a network donation platform, set up an individual privacy protection mechanism, and establish an information credibility evaluation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3
，
本文编号：2188401
[Abstract]:The promulgation of the Charity Law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Charity Law) indicates that China's charitable undertakings will enter a new chapter, and the whole people will participate in charity. Charity is no longer the patent of a very few rich people, and the broad masses of the people will actively participate in it through various means. As the main form of Internet charity, Internet fundraising has its unique advantages, but there are also many problems in the implementation process. How to distinguish the true and false information on the Internet, really help to the needs of help. How to exercise the donor's right to know, how to supervise the online donation, how to effectively prevent network fraud, fraudulent donation, these are the problems to be solved. Only by establishing a comprehensive supervision system which integrates legal regulation, government supervision and industry self-discipline can we effectively curb the occurrence of network fraud and donation fraud. Secondly, draw lessons from the experience of the United States network fund-raising, referring to its relatively perfect legal system and regulatory system, summed up the Enlightenment of China on this issue; finally, based on the actual situation of China's philanthropy, put forward the corresponding measures to solve the problem. The author first expounds the concept of network fund-raising, then analyzes the four characteristics of network fund-raising: special actors, special ways of fund-raising, spontaneous and personal attributes of fund-raising behavior, low cost and high efficiency of fund-raising activities; finally introduces the background of network fund-raising. The author analyzes the main problems in donation from three aspects: first, legislation; second, government supervision; third, the industry itself. The third part introduces the experience of regulating Internet fundraising in the United States, mainly from two aspects: the general situation of American charity laws and regulations and the enlightenment to our country. Examination and reference, such as the requirement of the registration system, the establishment of a good network environment, the use of tax incentive policies, so as to promote the healthy development of China's charity. Part IV, introduced the solution to the problem of network fund-raising. From three aspects to improve legislation, improve government supervision and improve the internal mechanism of the charity industry. To solve the problems enumerated in the second part of the preceding part, the author suggests that the network fraudulent donation, fraudulent donation penalty; improve the relevant administrative laws and regulations; government supervision, set up a special agency to supervise the network fund-raising; improve the management system of surplus charity; establish a network fund-raising declaration and licensing system; increase tax preferential policies; standardize the internal parties of the charity industry. We should actively build a network donation platform, set up an individual privacy protection mechanism, and establish an information credibility evaluation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.182.3
，
本文编号：2188401
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