行政法规立法根据研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 17:28

【摘要】：行政法规的制定要有根据,这是宪法和法律所规定的。但在行政立法实践中,经常发生没有根据制定行政法规的现象,有权监督的机关似乎也没有及时予以制止。《立法法》规定了法规审查的基本机制,但法规审查机制启动程序的设置存在重大缺陷,致使这一机制未能发挥法规监督功能。本片论文致力完成的主要研究任务是制定行政法规是否都要有“根据”、根据什么制定。文章正文分三个部分,主要内容如下:第一部分,界定清楚行政法规制定的根据,对探索行政法规制定权的法律规制一行政法规审查机制具有重要的指导意义。宪法和组织法规定行政机关享有制定行政法规和规章的职权。界定清楚行政法规制定的根据,对行政法规立法的约束作用主要有三:界定了行政立法的权限范围、维护了国家立法权不可侵越的地位、奠定了国家法制统一的基础。然而,学者对行政法规制定的根据问题研究的很少,而界定清楚行政法规制定的根据,对探索行政法规制定权的法律规制一行政法规审查机制具有重要的指导意义。第二部分,阐述行政法规制定根据的实践总结,以明确国务院制定行政法规时有什么具体的法律依据。行政法规是直接根据宪法制定,还是直接根据具体的法律制定,或是行政法规制定时两者都没有依据,或者其他。例如国务院于2014年发布的《中华人民共和国合伙企业登记管理办法》,是依据《中华人民共和国合伙企业法》制定的;国务院于2007年发布的《地方各级人民政府机构设置和编制管理条例》,是根据宪法、地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法制定的;国务院于1981年发布的《进口影片管理办法》是根据1980年4月14日中共中央、国务院、中央军委《关于制止滥放内部参考影片的通知》精神制定的。这实际涉及到行政法规的审查是否是违宪审查还是违法审查的问题,对于建立完善的行政法规审查机制有重要的实践意义。第三部分,探索行政法规制定权的法律规制——行政法规审查机制,为长期困扰有关机关在实践中设立法规监督审查机制的途径,提供法理上的对策。现有的对于行政法规的审查在启动到撤销的流程当中,尚存有诸多明显漏洞,如果要做到对于审查建议的研究有据可循,就必须加以明确启用审查要求或者使用审查建议的“相关工作机构”在法律上的合适的地位、其在操作中的职能范围和树立最基本的操作行为准则;明确专门委员会的提出书面审查意见的过程应当有更具体的规定。近年来,对于现行行政法规的立法实践,很少人进行过分类整理,本论文将对现行行政法规按类别划分为:根据法律制定的行政法规、根据宪法制定的行政法规、根据宪法和法律制定的行政法规、未写明根据宪法和法律制定的行政法规四大类进行梳理,找出其立法的创新与规律,发现行政法规立法的争论和存在的问题,最后在理论和实践分析的基础之上有针对性地提出完善行政法规审查机制的建议。
[Abstract]:It is stipulated by the Constitution and the law that administrative laws and regulations should be made on the basis of which. However, in the practice of administrative legislation, there is often a phenomenon that administrative laws and regulations are not made on the basis of which, and the organs with power to supervise seem not to stop it in time. stipulates the basic mechanism for the review of regulations, but the establishment of the starting procedure for the review mechanism of regulations exists. The main task of this paper is to make administrative regulations according to what and whether they should be made according to what. The main body of the article is divided into three parts, the main contents are as follows: The first part, clearly define the basis for the formulation of administrative regulations, to explore the rules and regulations of administrative regulations. The Constitution and the Organizational Law stipulate that administrative organs have the power to formulate administrative regulations and regulations. Defining the basis for the formulation of administrative regulations clearly, the binding role of administrative legislation is mainly three: defining the scope of administrative legislation and safeguarding the state However, few scholars have studied the basis of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations, and clearly defined the basis of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations, which is of great significance to explore the legal regulation of the formulation of administrative rules and regulations - the review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations. The practice summary of the basis for the enactment of administrative rules and regulations is to clarify what specific legal basis the State Council has for the enactment of administrative rules and regulations. Measures for the registration and administration of state-owned partnership enterprises are formulated in accordance with the Partnership Law of the People's Republic of China; Regulations on the Establishment and Formulation of Local People's Government Organs promulgated by the State Council in 2007 are formulated in accordance with the Constitution and the Organizational Law of the local people's congresses and local people's governments at various levels; promulgated by the State Council in 1981 The "Measures for the Administration of Imported Films" was formulated in accordance with the spirit of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China on April 14, 1980. This actually involves the question of whether the examination of administrative regulations is unconstitutional or illegal. It is important to establish a sound mechanism for the examination of administrative regulations. The third part explores the legal regulation of the power to formulate administrative rules and Regulations-the review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations, and provides legal countermeasures for the long-term troubles of the relevant organs in establishing the supervision and review mechanism of administrative rules and regulations in practice. Holes, if the study of review proposals is to be based on evidence, it is necessary to clarify the appropriate legal status of the "relevant working body" using review requirements or review proposals, the scope of its functions in operation and the establishment of the most basic operational code of conduct, and to clarify the written review opinions of the special committee. In recent years, few people have classified the current administrative laws and regulations according to their legislative practice. This paper classifies them into three categories: according to the administrative laws and regulations formulated by the law, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the constitution, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the constitution, according to the administrative regulations formulated by the Constitution and the administrative regulations formulated by the law, without specifying the constitution. Four categories of administrative laws and regulations are sorted out to find out their legislative innovation and laws, and to find out the disputes and problems in the legislation of administrative regulations. Finally, on the basis of theoretical and practical analysis, suggestions are put forward to improve the review mechanism of administrative regulations.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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