患者知情同意权制度研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 12:31
【摘要】：现代生活中患者知情同意权的法律保护是一个不争的热点问题。依法保护患者知情同意权是有效解决医患纠纷的一个重要途径。患者知情同意权制度的不完善是导致医患纠纷和矛盾愈演愈烈的一个重要因素。患者知情同意权制度的立法完善是保护患者合法权益和平衡医患双方权利义务关系的重要条件和制度前提。因此，患者知情同意权制度的立法完善对于有效缓解我国现实中紧张的医患关系具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 本文除引言和结语外，包括以下五个部分。 第一部分：患者知情同意权的界定。患者知情同意权是指具备独立判断能力的患者及其家属，在医方充分告知的情况下，能够理解各种与其所患疾病相关的医疗信息，并知道医疗行为的各种风险和后果，在此基础上对医方制定的诊疗计划自行决定的一种权利。患者的知情同意权是人格权发展的重要体现和现代医学道德伦理要求的必然产物。患者知情同意权是源于患者自己决定权的一种基本人权，患者知情同意权的本质属性是一种人格权，又是维护患者生命健康权的一种辅助性权利。 第二部分：患者知情同意权的立法比较考察。通过对美国、日本、台湾地区等国家和地区关于患者知情同意权的立法比较，发现我国患者知情同意权的制度规范存在着立法规定分散、保护方式不明确，制度规范不够细化等问题。因此，，应当在符合我国医疗实践的基础上，积极借鉴和参考西方发达国家患者知情同意权制度的先进立法经验和制度规范，平衡医患双方之间的权利义务关系，实现患者知情同意权制度的不断完善和患者合法权益的有效保护。 第三部分：患者知情同意权与相关权益之间的冲突。充分尊重患者的人格与尊严、尊重患者的个人隐私权、生命健康权与知情同意权，充分体现对患者的尊重、理解和关怀。这是当前大部分国家在处理医患关系中所达成的共识。患者知情同意权虽然在某些权利内容上相同于隐私权和生命健康权，但并不为后者所完全涵盖。否则，患者知情同意权将丧失其应有的法律地位。另外，患者知情同意权行使中应注重平衡医疗信息公开权以及患者近亲属或监护人利益之间的关系，在紧急救治情形下，应以维护患者的基本权益为根本原则。 第四部分：我国患者知情同意权制度存在的主要缺陷。从法律保护角度详细剖析了现行立法对患者知情同意权的保护方式、损害类型、侵害的责任和损害赔偿适用等方面的立法规定。在分析我国现有关于患者知情同意权的相关法律法规基础上，发现我国民法中对患者知情权保护存在保护方式单一；侵害类型不明确；责任构成与一般责任构成不区分、损害赔偿实行“双轨制”等突出问题。因此，应在剖析现有规范缺陷的基础上提出完善我国患者知情同意权制度的具体措施和可行性的建议。 第五部分：完善我国患者知情同意权制度的立法建议。针对我国患者知情同意权制度中存在的主要问题，积极借鉴和参考国外先进的立法规范，提出以下立法建议：一是明确患者知情同意权的权利主体，这是保障患者知情同意权的先决条件。患者近亲属代为行使知情同意权时，应加强患者近亲属或监护人是否善意的审查；二是应将真实、准确和完整确立为医疗机构信息披露的具体标准；三是由国家卫生行政部门制定专门的医疗知情同意书规范，并在医疗知情同意书中明确医患双方的义务内容，同时应加强保障患者授权及近亲属的资格审查，建立医疗监督机构以及医疗保险体系完善等措施。
[Abstract]:The legal protection of patients'right to informed consent is an indisputable hot issue in modern life. The protection of patients' right to informed consent according to law is an important way to effectively solve doctor-patient disputes. The perfection of legislation is an important condition and system premise to protect patients'legitimate rights and interests and balance the rights and obligations between doctors and patients.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article includes the following five parts.
The first part is the definition of the patient's right to informed consent.The patient's right to informed consent refers to the patient and his family members who have independent judgment and can understand all kinds of medical information related to the disease and know all kinds of risks and consequences of medical behavior when the doctor fully informs them. Patient's right to informed consent is an important embodiment of the development of personality rights and an inevitable outcome of the requirements of modern medical ethics. A supplementary right.
The second part is a comparative study of the legislation of patients'right to informed consent. Through the comparison of the legislation of the United States, Japan, Taiwan and other countries and regions on patients' right to informed consent, it is found that there are some problems in the system of patients'right to informed consent in China, such as scattered legislative provisions, unclear protection methods, and insufficient refinement of the system. On the basis of medical practice in China, we should actively draw lessons from and refer to the advanced legislative experience and system norms of patients'informed consent system in western developed countries, balance the rights and obligations between doctors and patients, and realize the continuous improvement of patients' informed consent system and the effective protection of patients'legitimate rights and interests.
The third part: the conflict between the right of informed consent and the related rights and interests of the patients.Fully respecting the patient's personality and dignity, respecting the patient's personal privacy, the right to life and health and the right to informed consent, fully reflecting the respect, understanding and care for the patients.This is the consensus reached in most countries in dealing with the doctor-patient relationship. Although the right to consent is the same as the right to privacy and life and health in some aspects, it is not fully covered by the latter. Otherwise, the right to informed consent of patients will lose its due legal status. In addition, the exercise of the right to informed consent of patients should pay attention to the balance between the right to medical information disclosure and the interests of close relatives or guardians of patients. Under the circumstances of emergency treatment, the basic rights and interests of patients should be maintained.
Part IV: The main defects of the system of patients'informed consent right in China. From the angle of legal protection, this paper analyzes in detail the legislative provisions of the current legislation on the protection of patients' informed consent right, the types of damage, the liability for infringement and the application of damages. On the basis of the regulations, it is found that there are some outstanding problems in the protection of patients'right to know in China's civil law, such as the single way of protection, the unclear types of infringement, the indistinguishability between the composition of liability and the general liability, and the implementation of the "two-track system" for damages. Specific measures and feasible suggestions.
The fifth part: Legislative suggestions on perfecting the system of patient's informed consent right in our country. In view of the main problems existing in the system of patient's informed consent right in our country, the following legislative suggestions are put forward: firstly, defining the subject of patient's informed consent right is the first step to protect the patient's informed consent right. When a patient's close relative exercises the right of informed consent on his behalf, the examination of whether the patient's close relatives or guardians are in good faith should be strengthened; secondly, the authenticity, accuracy and integrity should be established as the specific standard of information disclosure of medical institutions; thirdly, the state health administrative department should formulate a special standard for medical informed consent and make informed consent in medical treatment. The letter of intent clarifies the obligations of both doctors and patients, and measures should be taken to ensure the authorization of patients and the qualification examination of close relatives, establish medical supervision institutions and improve the medical insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923
[Abstract]:The legal protection of patients'right to informed consent is an indisputable hot issue in modern life. The protection of patients' right to informed consent according to law is an important way to effectively solve doctor-patient disputes. The perfection of legislation is an important condition and system premise to protect patients'legitimate rights and interests and balance the rights and obligations between doctors and patients.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article includes the following five parts.
The first part is the definition of the patient's right to informed consent.The patient's right to informed consent refers to the patient and his family members who have independent judgment and can understand all kinds of medical information related to the disease and know all kinds of risks and consequences of medical behavior when the doctor fully informs them. Patient's right to informed consent is an important embodiment of the development of personality rights and an inevitable outcome of the requirements of modern medical ethics. A supplementary right.
The second part is a comparative study of the legislation of patients'right to informed consent. Through the comparison of the legislation of the United States, Japan, Taiwan and other countries and regions on patients' right to informed consent, it is found that there are some problems in the system of patients'right to informed consent in China, such as scattered legislative provisions, unclear protection methods, and insufficient refinement of the system. On the basis of medical practice in China, we should actively draw lessons from and refer to the advanced legislative experience and system norms of patients'informed consent system in western developed countries, balance the rights and obligations between doctors and patients, and realize the continuous improvement of patients' informed consent system and the effective protection of patients'legitimate rights and interests.
The third part: the conflict between the right of informed consent and the related rights and interests of the patients.Fully respecting the patient's personality and dignity, respecting the patient's personal privacy, the right to life and health and the right to informed consent, fully reflecting the respect, understanding and care for the patients.This is the consensus reached in most countries in dealing with the doctor-patient relationship. Although the right to consent is the same as the right to privacy and life and health in some aspects, it is not fully covered by the latter. Otherwise, the right to informed consent of patients will lose its due legal status. In addition, the exercise of the right to informed consent of patients should pay attention to the balance between the right to medical information disclosure and the interests of close relatives or guardians of patients. Under the circumstances of emergency treatment, the basic rights and interests of patients should be maintained.
Part IV: The main defects of the system of patients'informed consent right in China. From the angle of legal protection, this paper analyzes in detail the legislative provisions of the current legislation on the protection of patients' informed consent right, the types of damage, the liability for infringement and the application of damages. On the basis of the regulations, it is found that there are some outstanding problems in the protection of patients'right to know in China's civil law, such as the single way of protection, the unclear types of infringement, the indistinguishability between the composition of liability and the general liability, and the implementation of the "two-track system" for damages. Specific measures and feasible suggestions.
The fifth part: Legislative suggestions on perfecting the system of patient's informed consent right in our country. In view of the main problems existing in the system of patient's informed consent right in our country, the following legislative suggestions are put forward: firstly, defining the subject of patient's informed consent right is the first step to protect the patient's informed consent right. When a patient's close relative exercises the right of informed consent on his behalf, the examination of whether the patient's close relatives or guardians are in good faith should be strengthened; secondly, the authenticity, accuracy and integrity should be established as the specific standard of information disclosure of medical institutions; thirdly, the state health administrative department should formulate a special standard for medical informed consent and make informed consent in medical treatment. The letter of intent clarifies the obligations of both doctors and patients, and measures should be taken to ensure the authorization of patients and the qualification examination of close relatives, establish medical supervision institutions and improve the medical insurance system.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923
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